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2021, Número 3

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Rev Fac Med UNAM 2021; 64 (3)


Bases conceptuales de la cirugía metabólica

Arana RJC, Cerón RF, Díaz RJJ, Vázquez PR, Aparicio PR, García FR, Corona BA

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 66
Paginas: 7-19
Archivo PDF: 476.03 Kb.


RESUMEN

El término de síndrome metabólico (SM) se ha utilizado desde su definición en el año 2001 por el programa nacional del colesterol (NCEP: ATP III). El concepto ha sido discutido en la literatura científica por décadas. El síndrome X y otros términos como “el cuarteto de la muerte” y el síndrome de resistencia a la insulina, han sido utilizados para describir la asociación entre factores de riesgo metabólico y cardiovascular. En México, la prevalencia de SM en la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición (ENSANUT) fue de un 34% para el año 2000; y para el 2012, del 41%. Las modificaciones del estilo de vida junto con aumento en la actividad física, dejar de fumar y limitar el consumo de alcohol son primordiales para el manejo y la prevención debido a que juegan un rol central en las anormalidades metabólicas. Sin embargo, a pesar del impresionante armamento de medicamentos disponible para la diabetes, se ha descrito que hasta el 50% de los pacientes no alcanzan las metas adecuadas de control, definidas por la Asociación Americana de Diabetes (hemoglobina glucosilada ‹7%). En contraste, la cirugía bariátrica (CB) ha confirmado claramente que contribuye a mejorar la función de las células beta en pacientes con índice de masa corporal (IMC) ›35 kg/m2, así como el control de la dislipidemia y otras alteraciones metabólicas.


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