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2021, Number 4

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Acta Pediatr Mex 2021; 42 (4)

Pediatric acne

Lizardo-Castro GA, Aguilar-Gutiérrez KF

Language: Spanish
References: 74
Page: 177-191
PDF size: 614.17 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Acne vulgaris is a common, inflammatory and multifactorial disease of the pilosebaceous unit that primarily affects adolescents; however, it can be found at any age. When it occurs between birth and 12 years of age it is called pediatric acne, which based on the age at onset has been categorized into neonatal, infantile, middle childhood and preadolescent acne. The importance of this categorization lies in the etiopathogenic processes involved, course, complications and prognosis.
Neonatal acne coexisting in the first 8 weeks of life has an excellent prognosis and does not require treatment. Infantile acne occurs from 8 weeks to 1 year; most of them course without complications and have the implication of severe acne in adolescence.
Middle childhood acne appears between 1 and 7 years, a period in which there are virtually no adrenal or gonadal hormones, so an underlying endocrinopathy should be investigated. In contrast, preadolescent acne, between 7 and 12 years of age, is very common and considered normal. However, in any patient with symptoms and signs of hyperandrogenism, an endocrinologic disorder should be investigated.
Knowledge of childhood acne will allow the treating physician or pediatrician to suspect the existence of an underlying disease. The influence of the Western diet on the severity of acne has been demonstrated and is becoming more relevant. Prompt and effective treatment of acne reduces the psychosocial impact on the patient. However, future research is needed to determine this effect in the pediatric patient.


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