Aguilar RF

Language: Spanish
References: 15
Page: 19-27
PDF size: 588.69 Kb.

ABSTRACT

Introduction: The evidence for functional recovery after brain damage has been empirically known for a long time. Neural plasticity refers to the adaptive adjustments of the central nervous system (CNS), and the ability of the brain to minimize the effects of injuries by modifying its structures and function in its internal or external environment. Objetive: Know the neuronal bases of brain damage and the reorganization of its functions; such as: unmasking, development of additional synaptic receptors, trophic factors, synapsins, and nerve fiber regeneration. Development: The disease process can affect the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, brainstem, cerebellum, or spinal cord. There are functional structures in specific areas, if the left frontal lobe is affected, the lesion will produce contralateral hemiparesis and language disorder. Thanks to brain plasticity, its own structure and functioning can be modified and restored. The 21st century has been declared the "century of the brain" due to the enormous advance in neurosciences, where it promises to introduce and develop important ideas about the mechanism of neuronal damage and at the same time how to reverse the process of cell death. The development of studies such as functional magnetic resonance, positron emission tomography and magnetoencephalography allow us to know the function in vivo. Conclusion: The expression of brain plasticity and the ability of neurons to change their function, chemical profile or structure are the new conceptual framework for the contribution in the restoration of the brain.

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