Madrigal-Rojas JP, Quesada-Loría M, García-Sánchez M, Solano-Chinchilla A

Language: Spanish
References: 34
Page: 13-21
PDF size: 178.67 Kb.

ABSTRACT

The world faces a new pandemic driven by a novel human pathogen, a b-coronavirus named SARS-CoV-2, of possible animal origin, like its other coronavirus predecessors, SARS and MERS. The virus is transmitted through droplets and fomites while an infected person can infect other 2 to 3 individuals on average. The resulting diseased, named Covid-19, presents with diverse symptoms and severity, ranging from an uncomplicated upper respiratory tract infection to acute respiratory distress. Main presenting symptoms include fever, cough, dysgeusia, hyposmia, dyspnea and fatigue. Laboratory findings vary during the clinical course and are best used altogether with serial measurements in time. These include C reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, ferritin, interleukin 6, D dimer, among others. Although highly suggestive of disease, CT scans may be of limited value due to logistic and transmission risks, while bedside ultrasonography has become the study of choice. Epidemiology, clinical, laboratory and radiologic findings altogether are fundamental in diagnosis and screening. Real-time PCR is widely used for diagnosis. Early identification and diagnosis of infected patients and their contacts is of utmost importance to stop spread of disease. Upper respiratory tract infection, bilateral pneumonia plus lymphopenia, fever with ¨Covid non-respiratory symptoms¨, silent hypoxemia and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, during this time of pandemic, should raise high suspicion for Covid-19. As the pandemic evolves, new findings and data are dynamically incorporated in time, thus caring for patients affected by this novel disease has become a true challenge for healthcare professionals.

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