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2021, Number 6

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Rev Fac Med UNAM 2021; 64 (6)

Glycocalyx: Structure, Composition, Functions and Factors that Injure it

Carrillo ER, Melgar BRE, Jacinto FAS, Tapia SM, Campa MÁN
Full text How to cite this article

Language: Spanish
References: 13
Page: 45-54
PDF size: 573.63 Kb.


Key words:

Endothelium, endothelial dysfunction, glycocalyx, proteoglycans.

ABSTRACT

The endothelial glycocalyx, is a structure first described in 1966 by Luft J. H. It is dynamic and covers the vascular endothelium. It is rich in carbohydrates, specifically proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycans and glycoproteins, which are arranged in a network and are synthesized in the endothelial cell.
It participates in the maintenance of vascular integrity and plays a fundamental role in the regulation of vascular resistance and permeability, glomerular filtration, macromolecule permeability, maintenance of capillary hematocrit and capillary blood flow, fibrinolysis cascades and vascular coagulation.
Its discovery and study have allowed the revision of the classic Starling principle. It is important for all health personnel to know its structure, composition, functions and factors that trigger its destruction and malfunction, as well as therapeutic targets from a clinical perspective.


REFERENCES

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  2. Milford EM, Reade MC. Resuscitation Fluid Choices to Preserve the Endothelial Glycocalyx. Critical Care. 2019 marzo 9;23(77). DOI:10.1186/s13054-019-2369-x

  3. Vélez Páez JL, Montalvo Villagómez MP, Jara González FE, Aguayo Moscoso SX, Vélez Páez PA, Velarde Montero CG. Glicocálix. Rol en clínica humana y enfoque traslacional. Ecuador: Babahoyo, CIDEPRO; 2018.

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  7. Luft JH. Fine structures of capillary and endocapillary layer as revealed by ruthenium red. Federation proceedings. 1966 noviembre - diciembre;25(6):1773-83.

  8. Reitsma S, Slaaf DW, Vink H, Zandvoort MAMJv, Egbrink MGAo. The endothelial glycocalyx: composition, functions, and visualization. Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology. 2007 enero 26;454:345-59.

  9. Olmedilla Ishishi YL. Diferencias en la expresión de mediadores inflamatorios, niveles de Glicocálix y perfiles de MicroRNA en páncreas humanos de donantes en parada cardiaca no controlada y donantes en muerte encefálica. 2017 [Citado: 12 de mayo de 2020]. Disponible en: https:// eprints.ucm.es/50260/1/T40683.pdf.

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  11. Weinbaum S, Tarbell JM, Damiano ER. The Structure and Function of the Endothelial Glycocalyx Layer. Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering. 2007 marzo;20(9):121-167.

  12. Carrillo Esper R, Zepeda Mendoza D, Flores Rivera I, Diaz Giron Gidi A, Gonzalez Martinez I, Araiza Garaygordobil D. Glicocálix. Una estructura a considerar en el enfermo grave. Asociación Mexicana de Medicina Crítica y Terapia Intensiva. 2016 septiembre;30(2):130-6.

  13. Vélez JL, Montalvo M, Aguayo S, Vélez PA, Velarde G, González FEJ, et al. Glicocálix endotelial: relevancia clínica y enfoque traslacional. Horizonte Médico. 2019;19(4):84-92.




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Rev Fac Med UNAM . 2021;64