medigraphic.com
SPANISH

Revista Cubana de Higiene y Epidemiología

ISSN 1561-3003 (Electronic)
  • Contents
  • View Archive
  • Information
    • General Information        
    • Directory
  • Publish
    • Instructions for authors        
  • medigraphic.com
    • Home
    • Journals index            
    • Register / Login
  • Mi perfil

2021, Number 1

<< Back Next >>

Rev Cubana Hig Epidemiol 2021; 58 (1)

Childhood vaccines could be contributing to a lower incidence and severity in pediatric COVID-19

Fonte GL, Ginori GM, García MG
Full text How to cite this article

Language: Spanish
References: 37
Page: 1-14
PDF size: 650.81 Kb.


Key words:

COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, vaccination, children, susceptibility to disease.

ABSTRACT

More than one year after the emergence of COVID-19 in the Chinese city of Wuhan, a fact continues to draw the attention of the scientific community engaged in the response to the virus: the lower susceptibility of children to SARS-CoV-2 infection and to the development of severe COVID-19. A number of non-mutually exclusive factors have been mentioned to explain the higher resistance of minors to the virus and its clinical consequences. The purpose of the study was to address an additional factor, so far not much dealt with in the medical bibliography about the topic: unspecific resistance to SARS-CoV-2 could be the result of the vaccines administered during childhood. This analysis is also aimed at contributing a better understanding of the relatively benevolent nature of the virus among children. It is concluded that a number of vaccines administered in childhood, most of them included in the immunization scheme for Cuban children, are associated to a lower incidence and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection in pediatric ages.


REFERENCES

  1. Yang J, Zheng Y, Gou X, Pu K, Chen Z, Guo Q, et al. Prevalence of comorbidities in the novel Wuhan coronavirus (COVID-19) infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Infect Dis. 2020;94:91-5. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.03.017

  2. World Health Organization. Coronavirus press conference 11 February, 2020. Geneva: WHO; 2020 [acceso 14/03/2020]. Disponible en: Disponible en: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019?gclid=EAIaIQobChMIkanE_YLh7gIVo-iGCh2rvABuEAAYASAAEgLF5fD_BwE

  3. World Health Organization. WHO. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Weekly epidemiological update - 9 February 2021. Geneva: WHO; 2021 [acceso 10/02/2021]. Disponible en: Disponible en: https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/weekly-epidemiological-update---9-february-2021

  4. Wang Y, Wang Y, Chen Y, Qin Q. Unique epidemiological and clinical features of the emerging 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) implicate special control measures. J Med Virol. 2020 [acceso 04/08/2020];92:568-76. Disponible en: Disponible en: https://www.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/jmv.25748 .

  5. Cao X. COVID-19: immunopathology and its implications for therapy. Nat Rev Immunol. 2020;20:269-70. doi: https://doi:10.1038/s41577-020-0308-3

  6. Lee PI, Hu YL, Chen PY, Huang YC, Hsueh PR. Are children less susceptible to COVID-19? J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2020;53(3):371-2. doi: 10.1016/j.jmii.2020.02.011

  7. Carsetti R, Quintarelli C, Quinti I, Mortari E, Zumla A, Ippolito G, et al. The immune system of children: ¿the key to understanding SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility? Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2020;4(6):414-6. doi: 10.1016/S2352-4642(20)30135-8.

  8. Beric-Stojsic B, Kalabalik-Hoganson J, Rizzolo D, Roy S. Childhood Narrative Review. Front Public Health. 2020;8:587007. doi: https:// doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.587007

  9. Ministerio de Salud Pública. Coronavirus en Cuba: Información oficial del Ministerio de Salud Pública. 12 Febrero, 2021. La Habana, Cuba: Minsap; 2021 [acceso 12/02/2021]. Disponible en: Disponible en: https://salud.msp.gob.cu/parte-de-cierre-del-dia-11-de-febrero-a-las-12-de-la-noche/

  10. Zimmermann P, Curtis N. Why is COVID-19 less severe in children? A review of the proposed mechanisms underlying the age-related difference in severity of SARS-CoV-2 infections. Arch Dis Child. 2020; 105:1-11. doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2020-320338

  11. Ignjatovic V, Mertyn E, Monagle P. The coagulation system in children: developmental and pathophysiological considerations. Semin Thromb Hemost. 2011;37:723-9. doi: https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0031-1297162

  12. Saheb Sharif-Askari N, Saheb Sharif-Askari F, Alabed M. Airways expression of SARS CoV-2 receptor, ACE2, and TMPRSS2 is lower in children than adults and increases with smoking and COPD. Mol Ther Meth Clin Dev. 2020;18:1-6. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omtm.2020.05.013

  13. Gorse GJ, Donovan MM, Patel GB. Antibodies to coronaviruses are higher in older compared with younger adults and binding antibodies are more sensitive than neutralizing antibodies in identifying coronavirus‐associated illnesses. J Med Virol. 2020;92:512-7. doi: https://doi:10.1002/jmv.25715

  14. Fulop T, Larbi A, Dupuis G, Page AL, Frost EH, Cohen AA, et al. Immunosenescence and inflamm-aging as two sides of the same coin: friends or foes? Frontiers Immunol 2018;8:1960. doi: https://doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01960

  15. Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, Fan G, Liu Y, Liu Z. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet. 2020;395:1054-62. doi: https://doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30566-3

  16. Martín Giménez VM, Inserra F, Tajer CD, Mariani J, Ferder L, Reiter RJ, et al. Lungs as target of COVID-19 infection: protective common molecular mechanisms of vitamin D and melatonin as a new potential synergistic treatment. Life Sci. 2020;254:117808. doi: https://doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117808

  17. Posfay-Barbe KM, Wagner N, Gauthey M, Moussaoui D, Loevy N, Diana A, et al. COVID-19 in children and the dynamics of infection in families. Pediatrics. 2020;146:e20201576. doi: https://doi: 10.1542/peds.2020-1576

  18. Netea MG, Domínguez-Andrés J, Barreiro LB, Chavakis T, Divangahi M, Fuchs E, et al. Defining trained immunity and its role in health and disease. Nat Rev Immunol. 2020;20:375-88. doi: https://doi: 10.1038/s41577-020-0285-6

  19. Kumar N, Sharma S, Barua S, Tripathi BN, Rouse BT. Virological and immunological outcomes of coinfections. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2018;31:e00111-7. doi: https://doi: 10.1128/CMR.00111-17

  20. Fonte L, Acosta A, Sarmiento ME, Ginori M, García G, Norazmi MN. COVID 19 lethality in Sub-Saharan Africa and helminth immune modulation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:574910. doi: https://doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.574910

  21. Xiao F, Tang M, Zheng X, Liu Y, Li X, Shan H. Evidence for gastrointestinal infection of SARS CoV-2. Gastroenterology. 2020;158:1831-3. doi: https://doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.02.055

  22. López L, Egües L, Pérez A, Galindo B, Galindo MA, Resik S, et al. Experiencia cubana en inmunización, 1962-2016. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2018;42:e34. doi: https://doi.org/10.26633/RPSP.2018.34

  23. Mayr A. Taking advantage of the positive side-effects of smallpox vaccination. J Vet Med B Infect Dis Vet Public Health. 2004;51:199-201. doi: https://doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0450.2004.00763.x

  24. Aaby P, Samb B, Simondon F, Seck AM, Knudsen K, Whittle H. Non-specific beneficial effect of measles immunization: analysis of mortality studies from developing countries. BMJ. 1995;311:481-5. doi: https://doi: 10.1136/bmj.311.7003.481

  25. Benn C, Netea M, Selin L, Aaby P. A small jab - a big effect: nonspecific immunomodulation by vaccines. Trends Immunol. 2013;34:431-9. doi: https://doi: 10.1016/j.it.2013.04.004

  26. Hon KLE, Leung CW, Cheng WTF, Chan PK, Chu WC, Kwan YW, et al. Clinical presentations and outcome of severe acute respiratory syndrome in children. Lancet. 2003;361:1701-3. doi: https://doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(03)13364-8

  27. Al-Tawfiq JA, Kattan RF, Memish ZA. Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus disease is rare in children: an update from Saudi Arabia. WJCP. 2016;5:391-6. doi: https://doi: 10.5409/wjcp.v5.i4.391

  28. O’Neill LAJ, Netea MG. BCG-induced trained immunity: can it offer protection against COVID-19? Nat Rev Immunol. 2020;20:335-7. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-020-0337-y

  29. Miller A. Correlation between universal BCG vaccination policy and reduced morbidity and mortality for COVID-19: an epidemiological study. MedRxiv. 2020. doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.24.20042937

  30. Arts RJW, Moorlag SJCFM, Novakovic B, Li Y, Wang SY, Oosting M, et al. BCG vaccination protects against experimental viral infection in humans through the induction of cytokines associated with trained immunity. Cell Host Microb. 2018;23:89-100. doi: https://doi:10.1016/j.chom.2017.12.010

  31. Nuovoa G, Tilib E, Susterc D, Matysa E, Huppa L, Magrod C. Strong homology between SARS-CoV-2 envelope protein and a Mycobacterium sp. antigen allows rapid diagnosis of Mycobacterial infections and may provide specific anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunity via the BCG vaccine. Ann Diagn Pathol. 2020;48:151600. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2020.151600

  32. Guiso N, Meade BD, Wirsing von König CH. Pertussis vaccines: The first hundred years. Vaccine. 2020;38:1271-6. doi: https://doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.1211.1022

  33. Reche PA. Potential cross-reactive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 from common human pathogens and vaccines. Front Immunol. 2020;11:586984. doi: https://doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.586984

  34. Saad M, Elsalamony R. Measles vaccines may provide partial protection against COVID-19. Int J Cancer Biomed Res. 2020;5:14-9. doi: https://doi: 10.21608/jcbr.2020.26765.1024

  35. Zimmermann P, Perrett KP, van der Klis FR, Curtis N. The immunomodulatory effects of measles-mumps-rubella vaccination on persistence of heterologous vaccine responses. Immunol Cell Biol. 2019;97:577-85. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/imcb.12246

  36. Wu D, Guo CY. Epidemiology and prevention of hepatitis A in travelers. J Travel Med. 2013;20:394-9. doi: https://doi: 10.1111/jtm.12058

  37. Sarialioglu F, Apak FBB, Haberal M. Can hepatitis A vaccine provide protection against COVID-19? Exp Clin Transpl. 2020;2:141-3. doi: https://doi: 10.6002/ect.2020.0109




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com

Mi perfil

C?MO CITAR (Vancouver)

Rev Cubana Hig Epidemiol. 2021;58