medigraphic.com

2020, Number 2

Next >>

Revista Colombiana de Bioética 2020; 15 (2)

Theories in Transgender Men Studies: A Literature Review

Alcala-Mercado MB

Language: Spanish
References: 151
Page:
PDF size: 227.89 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Purpose/Context. This article categorizes the theories described in empirical studies of transgender men to contribute to epistemological and methodological advances in bioethics from transdisciplinary approaches.
Method/Approach. We conducted a qualitative narrative literature review under a research objective and question, bibliographic search, study retrieval, systematization, selection, database construction, primary analysis, evaluation, and analysis by topic. The review encompasses empirical studies of transgender men in Spanish and English published in Pub-Med, APA, DOAJ, and Scielo between January 2010 and May 2019, with no design limits. The articles included were classified by emerging theme and by theory, according to their authors.
Results/Findings. Of 79 articles, 46 had a quantitative approach, 25 qualitative, and 8 mixed. The emerging themes are discrimination, diversity, education, health, identity, marketing, society, and violence. There is a lack of theoretical foundations in 83.5 % of the publications; theory is indirectly described in 15.2 % and explicitly described in 3.85 %, particularly queer, recognition, and gender and sexual identity theories.
Discussion/Conclusion/Contributions. Empirical production on transgender men lacks explicit theoretical basis, except for three articles, suggesting the need for own bioethics developments that have an impact on individual and collective decision-making.


REFERENCES

  1. Adam, Barry D. 1998. “Theorizing Homophobia.” Sexualities 1, no. (4): 387-404.https://doi.org/10.1177/136346098001004001

  2. Adams, Noah, Ruth Pearce, Jaimie Veale, Asa Radix, Danielle Castro, Amrita Sarkar,and Kai Cheng Thom. 2017. “Guidance and Ethical Considerations forUndertaking Transgender Health Research and Institutional Review Boards AdjudicatingThis Research”. Transgender Health 2, no. (1): 165-75. https://doi.org/10.1089/trgh.2017.0012

  3. Adger, W. Neil. 2006. “Vulnerability.” Global Environmental Change 16, no. (3): 268-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2006.02.006

  4. Agénor, Madina, Sarah M. Peitzmeier, Ida M. Bernstein, Michal McDowell, NatalieM. Alizaga, Sari L. Reisner, Dana J. Pardee, and Jennifer Potter. 2016. “Perceptionsof Cervical Cancer Risk and Screening among Transmasculine Individuals:Patient and Provider Perspectives.” Culture, Health & Sexuality 18, no.(10): 1192-1206. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691058.2016.1177203

  5. Akhtar, Hashaam, Yasmeen Badshah, Akhtar, Samar N. Kanwal, Naghmana M.Akhtar,and Ishtiag Qadri. 2012. “Prevalence of human immunodeficiency virusinfection among transgender men in Rawalpindi (Pakistan).” Virology Journal 9,no. (229): 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-422X-9-229

  6. Allport Gordon. W. 1962. La naturaleza del prejuicio. Buenos Aires, Argentina: EditorialUniversitaria de Buenos Aires.

  7. Amaral, Antonio José Mattos do, and Rogério Sato Capelari. 2015. “Da ImperiosaNecessidade de Alteração Do Art. 58 Da Lei 6.015/1973: Um Registro Públicode Respeito à Transexualidade e o Direito Ao Nome Social Sem a IntervençãoDo Poder Judiciário.” Revista de Biodireito e Direito Dos Animais 1, no. (1):139-64. https://doi.org/10.26668/indexlawjournals/2525-9695/2015.v1i1.22

  8. Arksey, Hilary, y Lisa O’Malley. 2005. “Scoping Studies: Towards a MethodologicalFramework.” International Journal of Social Research Methodology 8, no. (1): 19-32. https://doi.org/10.1080/1364557032000119616

  9. Armuand, Gabriela, Cecilia Dhejne, Jan I. Olofsson, and Kenny A. Rodriguez-Wallberg.2017. “Transgender Men’s Experiences of Fertility Preservation: A QualitativeStudy.” Human Reproduction 32, no. (2): 383-90. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dew323

  10. Bakker, Abraham, Paul Kesteren, Louis Gooren, y Dirk Bezemer. 1993. “The Prevalenceof Transsexualism in the Netherlands.” Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 87,no. (4): 237-38. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.1993.tb03364.x

  11. Barcelos, Chris A., and Stephanie L. Budge. 2019. “Inequalities in Crowdfundingfor Transgender Health Care.” Transgender Health 4, no. (1): 81-88. https://doi.org/10.1089/trgh.2018.0044

  12. Barrington, Clare, Cyprian Wejnert, Maria Elena Guardado, Ana Isabel Nieto, andGabriela Paz Bailey. 2012. “Social Network Characteristics and HIV VulnerabilityAmong Transgender Persons in San Salvador: Identifying Opportunities forHIV Prevention Strategies.” AIDS and Behavior 16, no. (1): 214-24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-011-9959-1

  13. Basar, Koray, and Gokhan Oz. 2016. “Resilience in Individuals with Gender Dysphoria:Association with Perceived Social Support And Discrimination.” TurkishJournal of Psychiatry 27, no. (4). https://doi.org/10.5080/u17071

  14. Başar, Koray, Gökhan Öz, and Jale Karakaya. 2016. “Perceived Discrimination,Social Support, and Quality of Life in Gender Dysphoria.” The Journal of SexualMedicine 13, no. (7): 1133-41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsxm.2016.04.071

  15. Beauchamp, Tom, y James Childress. 1999. Principios de ética biomédica. Barcelona,España: Masson.

  16. Beauvoir, Simon. 2009. The Second Sex. London, England: Vintage Books Classics.

  17. Becker, Michael, Kai S. Cortina, Yi-Miau Tsai, and Jacquelynne S. Eccles. 2014.“Sexual Orientation, Psychological Well-Being, and Mental Health: A LongitudinalAnalysis from Adolescence to Young Adulthood.” Psychology of SexualOrientation and Gender Diversity 1, no. (2): 132-45. https://doi.org/10.1037/sgd0000038

  18. Bennett, Elaine, Karen Berry, Theophilus I Emeto, Oliver K Burmeister, JeanineYoung, and Linda Shields. 2016. “Attitudes to Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual andTransgender Parents Seeking Health Care for Their Children in Two Early ParentingServices in Australia.” Journal of Clinical Nursing 26, no. (7-8): 1021-30.https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.13595

  19. Best, John, Weiming Tang, Ye Zhang, Larry Han, Fengying Liu, Shujie Huang, BinYang, Chongyi Wei, and Joseph D. Tucker. 2015. “Sexual Behaviors and HIV/Syphilis Testing Among Transgender Individuals in China.” Sexually TransmittedDiseases 42, no. (5): 281-85. https://doi.org/10.1097/olq.0000000000000269

  20. Binda, Nadia, y Francisco Balbastre-Benavent. 2013. “Investigación cuantitativa einvestigación cualitativa: buscando las ventajas de las diferentes metodologíasde investigación.” Revista de Ciencias Económicas 31, no. (2): 179-87. Disponibleen: https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/economicas/article/view/12730

  21. Bluebond-Langner, Rachel, Jens U. Berli, Jennifer Sabino, Karan Chopra, DevinderSingh, and Beverly Fischer. 2017. “Top Surgery in Transgender Men: How FarCan you Push the Envelope?” Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 139, no. (4):873e.82. https://doi.org/10.1097/prs.0000000000003225

  22. Bornstein, Kate. 1994. Gender Outlaw: On Men. Women, and the Res of Us. 2nd. Edition.New York: Routledge- reprint New York Vintage Books.

  23. Broulik, Petr, Václav Urbánek, and Petr Libanský. 2018. “Eighteen-Year Effect of AndrogenTherapy on Bone Mineral Density in Trans (Gender) Men.” Hormone andMetabolic Research 50, no. (02): 133-37. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-118747

  24. Bunge, Mario. 1995. “In Praise of Intolerance to Charlatanism in Academia.” Annalsof the New York Academy of Sciences 775, no. (1): 96-116. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb23131.x

  25. Bunge, Mario. 2018. La Ciencia: Su Método y su Filosofía. Pamplona: Laetoli.

  26. Butler, Judith. 1988. “Performative Acts and Gender Constitution: An Essay inPhenomenology and Feminist Theory.” Theatre Journal 40, no. (4): 519-31. https://doi.org/10.2307/3207893

  27. Callahan, Daniel. 1995. “Bioethics.” In Encyclopedia of Bioethics, edited by SthephenG. Post, 278-287. New York: Macmillan.

  28. Callens, Nina, Griet De Cuypere, Guy T’Sjoen, Stan Monstrey, Nicolaas Lumen,Erik Van Laecke, Piet Hoebeke, and Martine Cools. 2015. “Sexual Quality ofLife after Total Phalloplasty in Men with Penile Deficiency: An ExploratoryStudy.” World Journal of Urology 33, no. (1): 137-43. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00345-014-1283-8

  29. Carroll, Aengus, y Lucas Ramón Mendos. 2017. Homofobia de Estado 2017. Estudiojurídico mundial sobre la orientación sexual en el derecho: Criminalización, proteccióny reconocimiento. Trans e Intersex. Ginebra: ILGA. https://ilga.org/downloads/2017/ILGA_Homofobia_de_Estado_2017_WEB.pdf

  30. Chan, Kelly J., Divya Jolly, Jennifer J. Liang, Jamie D. Weinand, and Joshua D. Safer.2018a. “Estrogen Levels do Not Rise With Testosterone Treatment for TransgenderMen.” Endocrine Practice 24, no. (4): 329-33. https://doi.org/10.4158/ep-2017-0203

  31. Chan, Kelly J., Jennifer J. Liang, Divya Jolly, Jamie D. Weinand, and Joshua D.Safer. 2018b. “Exogenous Testosterone does Not Induce or Exacerbate the MetabolicFeatures Associated with PCOS Among Transgender Men.” EndocrinePractice 24, no. (6): 565-72. https://doi.org/10.4158/ep-2017-0247

  32. Cho, Sumi, Kimberlé Williams Crenshaw, and Leslie McCall. 2013. “Toward aField of Intersectionality Studies: Theory, Applications, and Praxis.” Signs:Journal of Women in Culture and Society 38, no. (4): 785-810. https://doi.org/10.1086/669608

  33. Chodorow, Nancy J. 1999. The Reproduction of Mothering: Psychoanalysis and the Sociologyof Gender. 2nd. Edition. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: Universityof California Press.

  34. Chrisler, Joan C., Jennifer A. Gorman, Jen Manion, Michael Murgo, Angela Barney,Alexis Adams-Clark, Jessica R. Newton, and Meaghan McGrath. 2016. “QueerPeriods: Attitudes Toward and Experiences with Menstruation in the Masculineof Centre and Transgender Community.” Culture, Health & Sexuality 18, no.(11): 1238-50. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691058.2016.1182645

  35. Cipres, Danielle, Dominika Seidman, Charles Cloniger III, Cyd Nova, AnitaO’Shea, and Juno Obedin-Maliver. 2017. “Contraceptive Use and PregnancyIntentions among Transgender Men Presenting to a Clinic for Sex Workers andTheir Families in San Francisco.” Contraception 95, no. (2): 186-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.contraception.2016.09.005

  36. Crenshaw, Kimberle. W. 1989. “Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex: ABlack Feminist Critique of Antidiscrimination Doctrine, Feminist Theory and AntiracistPolitics.” University of Chicago Legal Forum 1989, no. (1): 139-67. https://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1052&context=uclf

  37. Cviklová, Lucie. 2012. “Advancement of Human Rights Standards for LGBT PeopleThrough the Perspective of International Human Rights Law.” Journal ofComparative Research in Anthropology and Sociology 3, no. (2): 45-60. Disponibleen: http://compaso.eu/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Compaso2012-32-Cviklova.pdf

  38. De Roo, Chloë, Sylvie Lierman, Kelly Tilleman, Karen Peynshaert, Kevin Braeckmans,Mirte Caanen, Cornelius B. Lambalk, et al. 2017. “Ovarian TissueCryopreservation in Female-to-Male Transgender People: Insights into OvarianHistology and Physiology after Prolonged Androgen Treatment.” ReproductiveBioMedicine Online 34, no. (6): 557-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbmo.2017.03.008

  39. Dillon, Frank R., Lilian Odera, Alia Fons-Scheyd, Hung-Bin Sheu, Ryan C. Ebersole,and Lisa B. Spanierman. 2016. “A Dyadic Study of Multicultural CounselingCompetence.” Journal of Counseling Psychology 63, no. (1): 57-66. https://doi.org/10.1037/cou0000118

  40. Dubois, L. Zachary. 2011. “Associations between Transition-Specific Stress Experience,Nocturnal Decline in Ambulatory Blood Pressure, and C-Reactive ProteinLevels among Transgender Men.” American Journal of Human Biology 24, no.(1): 52-61. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.22203

  41. DuBois, L. Zachary, Sally Powers, Bethany G. Everett, and Robert-Paul Juster.2017. “Stigma and Diurnal Cortisol among Transitioning Transgender Men.”Psychoneuroendocrinology 82, no. (August): 59-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.05.008

  42. Edelman, Elijah Adiv, and Lal Zimman. 2014. “Boycunts and Bonus Holes: Trans Men’sBodies, Neoliberalism, and the Sexual Productivity of Genitals.” Journal of Homosexuality61, no. (5): 673-90. https://doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2014.870438

  43. Eichler, Matthew. 2012. “Consuming My Way Gay.” SAGE Open 2, no. (3): 1-6.https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244012457578

  44. Elliot, Antony. 2009. Sexualidades: teoría social y la crisis de identidad. Sociológica24, no. (69): 185-212. Disponible en: http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0187-01732009000100009

  45. Erickson, Erick. 1977. “La identidad psicosocial”. Enciclopedia Internacional de lasCiencias Sociales, Tomo V. España: Aguilar.

  46. Ferrer, Jorge José. 2009. “La bioética como quehacer filosófico.” Acta Bioethica 15,no. (1): 35-41. https://doi.org/10.4067/S1726-569X2009000100004

  47. Fichte Johann Gottlieb y Faustino Oncina Coves. 1986. Reivindicación de la libertadde pensamiento y otros escritos políticos. Madrid, España: Tecnos.

  48. Fraser, Nancy. 1995. From redistribution to recognition? Dilemmas of justice in a ‘post-socialist’age. Nottingham, England: New left review. https://newleftreview.org/issues/i212/articles/nancy-fraser-from-redistribution-to-recognition-dilemmas-of-justice-in-a-post-socialist-age

  49. Fraser, Nancy. 2008. La justicia social en la era de la política de identidad: redistribución,reconocimiento y participación. Revista de Trabajo 4, no. (6): 83-99.http://www.trabajo.gob.ar/downloads/cegiot/08ago-dic_fraser.pdf

  50. Frey, Jordan D., Jessie Z. Yu, Grace Poudrier, Catherine C. Motosko, Whitney V.Saia, Stelios C. Wilson, and Alexes Hazen. 2018. “Modified Nipple Flap withFree Areolar Graft for Component Nipple-Areola Complex Construction.”Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 142, no. (2): 331-36. https://doi.org/10.1097/prs.0000000000004551

  51. Garrafa, Volnei, and Leticia Erig-Osório de Azambuja. 2009. “Epistemología de labioética – enfoque latino-americano.” Revista Colombiana de Bioética 4, no. (1),73-92. https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=1892/189214300004

  52. Gibtiah, Gibtiah. 2016. “Studi Perbandingan tentang Khunsa dengan Transseksualdan Transgender (Telaah Pemikiran Ulama’Klasik Dan Ulama’Modern)”. Intizar20, no. (2): 349-62. Disponible en: http://jurnal.radenfatah.ac.id/index.php/intizar/article/view/437/388

  53. Gil-Borrelli, Christian, César Velasco, Marc Martí-Pastor, y Pello Latasa. 2018. “Laidentidad de género, factor de desigualdad olvidado en los sistemas de informaciónde salud de España.” Gaceta Sanitaria 32, no. (2): 184-86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaceta.2017.10.004

  54. Gilligan, Carol. 1982. In a Different Voice: Psychological Theory and Women’s Development.Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

  55. Githens, Rod Patrick. 2012. “Approaches to Diversity in Educating for LGBTQ-Friendly Changes in a University.” Journal of Diversity in Higher Education 5,no. (4): 207-21. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0030122

  56. Goffman, Erving. 1963. “Stigma and Social Identity”. In Body: Critica Conceps inSociology, edited by Andrew Blaikie, Mike Hepworth, Mary Holmes, AlexandraHowson, David Inglis and Sheree Sartain. 116-45. London and NewYork:Roudledge.

  57. Goldberg, Abbie E., Lori A. Kinkler, April M. Moyer, and Elizabeth Weber. 2014. “IntimateRelationship Challenges in Early Parenthood among Lesbian, Gay, and HeterosexualCouples Adopting via the Child Welfare System.” Professional Psychology:Research and Practice 45, no. (4): 221-30. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0037443

  58. Goldman, Randi H., Daniel J. Kaser, Stacey A. Missmer, Leslie V. Farland, Scout,Rachel K. Ashby, and Elizabeth S. Ginsburg. 2017. “Fertility Treatment for theTransgender Community: A Public Opinion Study.” Journal of Assisted Reproductionand Genetics 34, no. (11): 1457-67. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10815-017-1035-y

  59. Gracia, Diego. (2000). “La deliberación moral: el papel de las metodologías en éticaclínica.” En Jornada de debate sobre comités asistenciales de ética editado por Sarabia,A. & Reyes, M, 21-41, Madrid: Asociación de Bioética Fundamental y Clínica

  60. Gracia-Guillén, Diego. 2002. “De la Bioética Clínica a la Bioética Global: TreintaAños de Evolución.” Acta Bioethica 8, no. (1): 27-39. https://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S1726-569X2002000100004

  61. Gros, Alexis Emanuel. 2016. “Judith Butler y Beatriz Preciado: Una Comparaciónde Dos Modelos Teóricos de La Construcción de La Identidad de Género EnLa Teoría Queer.” Civilizar Ciencias Sociales y Humanas 16, no. (30): 246 260.https://doi.org/10.22518/16578953.547

  62. Halberstam, Judith. 1998. “Transgender Butch: Butch/FTM Border Wars and theMasculine Continuum.” GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies 4, no. (2):287-310. https://doi.org/10.1215/10642684-4-2-287

  63. Halberstam, Judith. 2008. Masculinidad femenina. Madrid: Editorial Egales.

  64. Hancock, Adrienne B., Kayla D. Childs, and Michael S. Irwig. 2017. “Trans MaleVoice in the First Year of Testosterone Therapy: Make No Assumptions.” Journalof Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 60, no. (9): 2472-82. https://doi.org/10.1044/2017_jslhr-s-16-0320

  65. Haney-Caron, Emily, and Kirk Heilbrun. 2014. “Lesbian and Gay Parents and Determinationof Child Custody: The Changing Legal Landscape and Implicationsfor Policy and Practice.” Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity 1,no. (1): 19-29. https://doi.org/10.1037/sgd0000020

  66. Hausman, Bernice L., Holly Devor, Richard Ekins, Riki Anne Wilchins, Jay Prosser,Susan Stryker, Judith Halberstam, Pat Califia, Kate Bornstein, and DavidKing. 2001. “Recent Transgender Theory.” Feminist Studies 27, no. (2): 465-90.https://doi.org/10.2307/3178770

  67. Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friederich. 2006. Filosofía real. Madrid: Fondo de CulturaEconómica de España, S.L.

  68. Hernández-Hernández, Roberto. 2002. “Del método científico al clínico:consideraciones teóricas.” Revista Cubana de Medicina General Integral 18,no. (2): 161-164. http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0864-2125200200020001

  69. Hernández-Sampieri, Roberto, Carlos Fernández-Collado, y Pilar Baptista-Lucio.2006. “Análisis de los Datos Cuantitativos”. En Metodología de la investigación (6ªed.), editado por Jesús Mares Chacón, 270-335, México: McGraw-Hill.

  70. Hess, Linda. M. 2017. “My Whole Life I’ve Been Dressing up like a Man: Negotiationsof Queer Aging and Queer Temporality in the TV Series Transparent1.” EuropeanJournal of American Studies 11, no. (3): 1-18. https://doi.org/10.4000/ejas.11702

  71. Hoffkling, Alexis, Juno Obedin-Maliver, and Jae Sevelius. 2017. “From Erasureto Opportunity: A Qualitative Study of the Experiences of Transgender Menaround Pregnancy and Recommendations for Providers.” BMC Pregnancy andChildbirth 17, no. (S2): 332. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-017-1491-5

  72. Honneth, Axel. 1997. La lucha por el reconocimiento. Barcelona: Crítica. https://eva.fcs.edu.uy/pluginfile.php/120681/mod_resource/content/0/PPT%20-%20Axel%20Honneth-%20La%20lucha%20por%20el%20reconocimiento%20-%20Martin%20Fleitas..pdf

  73. Honneth, Axel. 2007. Reificación: un estudio en la teoría del reconocimiento (1eraed.), Traducido por Graciela Calderón. Buenos Aires: Katz Editores. https://letrasindomitas.files.wordpress.com/2017/08/94923015-axel-honneth-reificacion-un-estudio-en-la-teoria-del-reconocimiento.pdf

  74. Horton, Paul, Helle Rydstrøm, and Maria Tonini. 2015. “Contesting Heteronormativity:The Fight for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Recognition inIndia and Vietnam”. Culture, Health & Sexuality 1, no. (9): 1059-73.

  75. Hottois, Gilbert. 1991. El Paradigma Bioético: Una ética para la tecnociencia. Barcelona,España: Anthropos.

  76. Irwig, Michael. S., Kayla Childs, and Adrienne B. Hancock. 2016. “Effects of Testosteroneon the Transgender Male Voice.” Andrology 5, (1): 107-12. https://doi.org/10.1111/andr.12278

  77. James-Abra, Sarah, Lesley. A. Tarasoff, Christopher Darren, Green, William R. Epstein,Scott Anderson, Stu Marvel, Leah. S. Steele, and Lori. E. Ross. 2015.“Trans People’s Experiences with Assisted Reproduction Services: A QualitativeStudy.” Human Reproduction 30, no. (6): 1365-74. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dev087

  78. Jestratijević, Iva. 2016. “Fashion and the Semiotics of Gender”. Issues in Ethnology and Anthropology10, no. (4): 839-56. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.21301/eap.v10i4.3

  79. Keo-Meier, Colton L., Levi I. Herman, Sari. L. Reisner, Seth T. Pardo, Carla Sharp,and Julia C. Babcock. 2015. “Testosterone Treatment and MMPI–2 Improvementin Transgender Men: A

  80. Prospective Controlled Study”. Journal Of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 83, no.(1): 143-56. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0037599

  81. Kim, Gwang-Won, Seok-Kwun Kim, and Gwang-Woo Jeong. 2016. “Neural Activation-Based Sexual Orientation and Its Correlation with Free TestosteroneLevel in Postoperative Female-to-Male Transsexuals: Preliminary Study with3.0-T FMRI.” Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy 38, no. (2): 245-52. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-015-1547-z

  82. Kim, Seunghwan, Margeaux Dennis, Jessica Holland, Mark Terrell, Marios Loukas,and Justine Schober. 2018a. “The Anatomy of Abdominal Flap Phalloplastyfor Transgender Surgery.” Clinical Anatomy 31, no. (2): 181-86. https://doi.org/10.1002/ca.23020

  83. Kim, S Seunghwan, Margeaux Dennis, Jessica Holland, Mark Terrell, MariosLoukas, and Justine Schober. 2018b. “The Anatomy of Forearm Free Flap Phalloplastyfor Transgender Surgery.”Clinical Anatomy 31, no. (2): 145-51.

  84. Kohlbrenner, Verena, Keshab Deuba, Deepak Kumar Karki, and Gaetano Marrone.2016. “Perceived Discrimination Is an Independent Risk Factor for SuicidalIdeation among Sexual and Gender Minorities in Nepal.” Edited by ThomasNiederkrotenthaler. PLOS ONE 11, no. (7): e0159359. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0159359

  85. Lemons, Ansley, Linda Beer, Teresa Finlayson, Donna Hubbard McCree, DanielLentine, and R. Luke Shouse. 2018. “Characteristics of HIV-Positive TransgenderMen Receiving Medical Care: United States, 2009–2014.” American Journal ofPublic Health 108, no. (1): 128-30. https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2017.304153

  86. Lewis, Vek. 2008. “Of Lady-Killers and ‘Men Dressed As Women’: Soap Opera, Scapegoatsand the Mexico City Police Department.” PORTAL Journal of MultidisciplinaryInternational Studies 5, no. (1): 1-28. https://doi.org/10.5130/portal.v5i1.480

  87. Lierman, Sylvie, Kelly Tilleman, Kevin Braeckmans, Karen Peynshaert, StevenWeyers, Guy T’Sjoen, and Petra De Sutter, P. 2017. “Fertility Preservation forTrans Men: Frozen-Thawed in Vitro Matured Oocytes Collected at the Time ofOvarian Tissue Processing Exhibit Normal Meiotic Spindles.” Journal of AssistedReproduction and Genetics 34, no. (11): 1449-56. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10815-017-0976-5

  88. Light, Alexis D., Juno Obedin-Maliver, Jae M. Sevelius, and Jennifer L. Kerns.2014. “Transgender Men Who Experienced Pregnancy After Female-to-MaleGender Transitioning.” Obstetrics & Gynecology 124, (6): 1120-27. https://doi.org/10.1097/aog.0000000000000540

  89. Lamas, Marta. 2000. “Diferencias de sexo, género y diferencia sexual.” Cuicuilco 7,no. (18): 1-24. Disponible en: https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/351/35101807.pdf

  90. Manrique-Nava, Carolina and Octaviano Domínguez-Márquez. 2007. “Método ométodos para investigar en bioética: una reflexión”. Acta Bioethica 13, no. 1:125-26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S1726-569X2007000100014

  91. Martini, Lorenzo. 2016. “The Diverse and Amazing Allergic Responses to ColouredSemi-Synthetic Fabrics in Skin of Man, Woman and Transgenders (MTFand FTM).” Our Dermatology Online 7, no. (2): 165-68. https://doi.org/10.7241/ourd.20162.44

  92. Maxwell, Susan, Nicole Noyes, David Keefe, Alan S. Berkeley, and Kara N. Goldman.2017. “Pregnancy Outcomes After Fertility Preservation in TransgenderMen.” Obstetrics & Gynecology 129, no. (6): 1031-34. https://doi.org/10.1097/aog.0000000000002036

  93. Añadir antes de esta: Mays, James A., Dina N. Greene, Ryan A. Metcalf, and MonicaB. Pagano. 2018. “Transfusion support for transgender men of childbearingage.” Transfusion 58, no. 3 (Mar): 823-25. https://doi.org/10.1111/trf.14470

  94. McDowell, Michal J., Jaclyn M. W. Hughto, and Sari L. Reisner. 2019. “Correctionto: Risk and Protective Factors for Mental Health Morbidity in a CommunitySample of Female-to-Male Trans-Masculine Adults.” BMC Psychiatry 19, (45).https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-019-2028-4

  95. Medina, Carlos A., Lydia A. Fein, and Christopher J. Salgado. 2018. “Total Vaginectomyand Urethral Lengthening at Time of Neourethral Prelamination inTransgender Men.” International Urogynecology Journal 29, no. (10): 1463-68.https://doi.org/10.1007/s00192-017-3517-y

  96. Mendos Lucas Ramón. 2019. “Informe de Homofobia de Estado. Asociación Internacionalde Lesbianas, Gays, Bisexuales, Trans e Intersex”. ILGA, 13ava edición,mayo 27 de 2019. https://ilga.org/downloads/ILGA_Homofobia_de_Estado_2019.pdf

  97. Mischel, Walter. 1973. “Toward a Cognitive Social Learning Reconceptualization ofPersonality.” Psychological Review 80, no. (4): 252-83. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0035002

  98. Montero, Maritza. 2006. Teoría y práctica de la psicología comunitaria: la tensión entrecomunidad y sociedad. (1ª ed.). Buenos Aires: Paidós. http://www.psicosocial.net/historico/index.php?option=com_docman&view=download&alias=542-teoria-y-practica-de-la-psicologia-comunitaria-la-tension-entre-comunidad-y-sociedad-1o-parte&category_slug=psicologia-comunitaria&Itemid=100225

  99. Moreno-Arrones, Oscar. M., Antonio Becerra, and Sergio Vano-Galvan. 2017.“Therapeutic Experience with Oral Finasteride for Androgenetic Alopecia inFemale-to-Male Transgender Patients.” Clinical and Experimental Dermatology 42,no. (7): 743-48. https://doi.org/10.1111/ced.13184

  100. Morris, Charles. W. 1938. Foundations of the Theory of Signs. In International Encyclopediaof Unified Science (pp. 1-59). Chicago: University Press.

  101. Moscovici, Serge. 1983. “Influencia manifiesta e influencia oculta en la comunicación.”Revista Mexicana de Sociología 45, no. (2), 687-701. https://doi.org/10.2307/3540265

  102. Moscovici, Sergio, Gabriel Mugny, y Juan Antonio Pérez. 1991. La influencia socialinconsciente: estudios de psicología social experimental (Vol. 14). Barcelona: AnthroposEditorial.

  103. Moscovici, Serge. 1994. “Social Representations and Pragmatic Communication.”Social Science Information 33, no. (2): 163-77. https://doi.org/10.1177/053901894033002002 Moscovici, Sergei. 1996. Psicología de las minorías activas. Madrid: Ediciones Morata.

  104. Naciones Unidas. 1992. Resolución 47/135 de la Asamblea General “Declaraciónsobre los derechos de las personas pertenecientes a minorías nacionaleso étnicas, religiosas y lingüísticas”, A/RES/47/135 (18 de diciembrede 1992). Disponible en: https://www.ohchr.org/SP/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/Minorities.aspx

  105. Nadler, Joel. T., and Kufahl, Katie M. 2014. “Marital Status, Gender, and SexualOrientation: Implications for Employment Hiring Decisions”. Psychologyof Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity 1, no. (3): 270-278. https://doi.org/10.1037/sgd0000050

  106. Nicol, Pam, Rose Chapman, Rochelle Watkins, Jeanine Young, and Linda Shields.2013. “Tertiary Paediatric Hospital Health Professionals’ Attitudes to Lesbian, Gay,Bisexual and Transgender Parents Seeking Health Care for Their Children.” Journalof Clinical Nursing 22, no. (23-24): 3396-3405. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.12372

  107. Nygren, Ulrika, Agneta Nordenskjöld, Stefan Arver, and Maria Södersten. 2016.“Effects on Voice Fundamental Frequency and Satisfaction with Voice in TransMen during Testosterone Treatment—A Longitudinal Study.” Journal of Voice 30,no. (6): 766.e23-766.e34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2015.10.016

  108. Organización Panamericana de la Salud. 2011. Por la salud de las personas trans.Elementos para el desarrollo de la atención integral de personas trans y sus comunidadesen Latinoamérica y el Caribe. Organización Panamericana de la Salud. Disponibleen: https://www.paho.org/arg/images/gallery/Blueprint%20Trans%20Espa%C3%83%C2%B1ol.pdf

  109. Ortiz-Uribe, Frida Gisela, y María del Pilar García-Nieto. 2015. Metodología de lainvestigación: El proceso y sus Técnicas. México: Limusa.

  110. Osorio-García, Sergio Nestor. 2016. “Transdisciplinariedad y bioética. Dos formasde asumir el desafío planetario.” Argumentos de Razón Técnica, no. 19: 123-39.

  111. Parent, Mike C., Dana A. Weiser, and Andrea McCourt. 2015. “‘So What Are You?’:Inappropriate Interview Questions for Psychology Doctoral and InternshipApplicants.” Training and Education in Professional Psychology 9, no. (2): 136-43.https://doi.org/10.1037/tep0000068

  112. Pecheny, Mario. 2001. De la ‘no-discriminación’al ‘reconocimiento social’. Un análisis dela evolución de las demandas políticas de las minorías sexuales en América Latina. InPonencia presentada en el XXIII Congreso de la Latin American Studies Association,Washington.

  113. Peitzmeier, Sarah M., Sari L. Reisner, Padmini Harigopal, and Jennifer Potter. 2014.“Female-to-Male Patients Have High Prevalence of Unsatisfactory Paps Comparedto Non-Transgender Females: Implications for Cervical Cancer Screening.”Journal of General Internal Medicine 29, no. (5): 778-84. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-013-2753-1

  114. Peña-Vera, Tania, y Johann Pirela-Morillo. 2007. La complejidad del análisis documental.Información, Cultura y Sociedad, no. 16: 55-81. Disponible en: http://eprints.rclis.org/17138/1/ICS16%20p55-82dos.pdf

  115. Pérez, Cristina. R., Martha Batalla, y Enrique. M. San Macario. 2018. Modelizaciónde la diversidad sexual: una visión desde los modelos de cuidado. ENE Revistade Enfermería 12, no: (2). file:///D:/Descargas/825-2759-1-PB.pdf

  116. Pinto Bustamante, Boris Julián. 2015. “Bioética, crítica y sociedad: más alládel principialismo.” Revista Colombiana de Bioética 5, no. 1: 73. https://doi.org/10.18270/rcb.v5i1.841

  117. Popay, Jennie, Helen Roberts, Amanda Sowden, Mark Petticrew, Lisa Arai, MarkRodgers, Nicky Britten, Katrina Roen y Steven Duffy. 2006. Guidance on theConduct of Narrative Synthesis in Systematic Reviews. A product from theESRC Methods Programme Version, 1, b92. https://www.lancaster.ac.uk/media/lancaster-university/content-assets/documents/fhm/dhr/chir/NSsynthesisguidanceVersion1-April2006.pdf

  118. Preciado, Beatrix. 2002. Manifiesto contra - sexual. Prácticas subversivas de identidadsexual. Madrid: Opera Prima.

  119. Putnam, Hilary. 1991. “El significado de «significado»”. En La búsqueda del significado,editado por Luís M. Valdes Villanueva, 131-194, Madrid: Tecnos. https://linguisticapsicologia.weebly.com/uploads/6/8/5/9/6859893/valdes-villanueva_cap._v_y_vi_1.pdf

  120. Ramos-Pibernus, Alíxida G., Sheilla L. Rodríguez-Madera, Mark Padilla, NelsonVaras-Díaz, and Ricardo Vargas Molina. 2016. “Intersections and Evolution of‘Butch-Trans’ Categories in Puerto Rico: Needs and Barriers of an Invisible Population.”Global Public Health 11, no. (7-8): 966-80. https://doi.org/10.1080/17441692.2016.1180703

  121. Reisner, Sari L., Madeline B. Deutsch, Sarah M. Peitzmeier, Jaclyn M. WhiteHughto, Timothy Cavanaugh, Dana J. Pardee, Sarah McLean, et al. 2017.“Comparing Self- and Provider-Collected Swabbing for HPV DNA Testing inFemale-to-Male Transgender Adult Patients: A Mixed-Methods BiobehavioralStudy Protocol.” BMC Infectious Diseases 17, no. (444). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-017-2539-x

  122. Reisner, Sari L., Jaclyn M. White, Kenneth H. Mayer, and Matthew J. Mimiaga.2013. “Sexual Risk Behaviors and Psychosocial Health Concerns of Female-to-Male Transgender Men Screening for STDs at an Urban Community HealthCenter.” AIDS Care 26, no. (7): 857-64. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2013.855701

  123. Reza-Becerril, Fernando. 1997. Ciencia, metodología e investigación. México: Pearson.

  124. Rich, Ashleigh, Kai Scott, Caitlin Johnston, Everett Blackwell, Nathan Lachowsky,Zishan Cui, Paul Sereda, David Moore, Robert Hogg, and Eric Roth. 2017.“Sexual HIV Risk among Gay, Bisexual and Queer Transgender Men: Findingsfrom Interviews in Vancouver, Canada.” Culture, Health & Sexuality 19, no. (11):1197-1209. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691058.2017.1299882

  125. Rodríguez, Gregorio, Javier Gil-Flores, y Eduardo García-Jiménez. 1996. Metodologíade la Investigación Cualitativa. Málaga: Aljibe.

  126. Rowniak, Stefan, Chenit Ong-Flaherty, Nancy Selix, and Niko Kowell. 2017. “Attitudes,Beliefs, and Barriers to PrEP Among Trans Men.” AIDS Education andPrevention 29, (4): 302-14. https://doi.org/10.1521/aeap.2017.29.4.302

  127. Rubin, Gayle. 1996. El tráfico de mujeres: notas sobre la economía política del sexo. EnLamas, Marta (Comp.), El género: la construcción cultural de la diferencia sexual. México: PUEG UNAM. Disponible en: https://www.legisver.gob.mx/equidadNotas/publicacionLXIII/El%20genero.%20La%20construccion%20cultural%20de%20la%20diferencia%20sexual.pdf

  128. Ruhghea, Sara, Mirza Mirza, and Risana Rachmatan. 2014. “Studi Kualitatif KepuasanHidup Pria Transgender (Waria) Di Banda Aceh.” Jurnal Psikologi Undip13, no. (1): 11-20. https://doi.org/10.14710/jpu.13.1.11-20

  129. Scheim, Ayden I., and Robb Travers. 2017. “Barriers and Facilitators to HIV andSexually Transmitted Infections Testing for Gay, Bisexual, and Other TransgenderMen Who Have Sex with Men.” AIDS Care 29, no. (8): 990-95. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2016.1271937

  130. Schilt, Kristen, and Elroi Windsor. 2014. “The Sexual Habitus of TransgenderMen: Negotiating Sexuality Through Gender.” Journal of Homosexuality 61, no.(5): 732-48. https://doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2014.870444

  131. Seelman, Kristie L., Jordan F. Miller, Zoe E. R. Fawcett, and Logan Cline. 2018. “DoTransgender Men Have Equal Access to Health Care and Engagement in PreventiveHealth Behaviors Compared to Cisgender Adults?” Social Work in Health Care 57,no. (7): 502-25. https://doi.org/10.1080/00981389.2018.1462292

  132. Sekoni, Adekemi O, Oluyemisi Ayoola, and Esther Somefun. 2015. “Experiencesof Social Oppression among Men Who Have Sex with Men in a CosmopolitanCity in Nigeria.” HIV/AIDS - Research and Palliative Care 7, 21-27. https://doi.org/10.2147/hiv.s72034

  133. Strong, Kristy L., and Victoria N. Folse. 2015. “Assessing Undergraduate NursingStudents’ Knowledge, Attitudes, and Cultural Competence in Caring for Lesbian,Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Patients.” Journal of Nursing Education 54,no. (1): 45-49. https://doi.org/10.3928/01484834-20141224-07

  134. Sung, Mi Ra, Dawn M. Szymanski, and Christy Henrichs-Beck. 2015. “Challenges,Coping, and Benefits of Being an Asian American Lesbian or Bisexual Woman.”Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity 2, no. (1): 52-64. https://doi.org/10.1037/sgd0000085

  135. Tanner, Amanda E., Beth A. Reboussin, Lilli Mann, Alice Ma, Eunyoung Song,Jorge Alonzo, and Scott D. Rhodes. 2014. “Factors Influencing Health CareAccess Perceptions and Care-Seeking Behaviors of Immigrant Latino SexualMinority Men and Transgender Individuals: Baseline Findings from the HOLAIntervention Study.” Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved 25, no.(4): 1679-97. https://doi.org/10.1353/hpu.2014.0156

  136. Tajfel, Henri. 1984. Grupos humanos y categorías sociales. Barcelona, España: Herder.

  137. Taylor, Steaven J., y Robert Bogdan. 1987. Introducción a los métodos cualitativos deinvestigación. La búsqueda de significados. Barcelona: Paidós.

  138. Tebbe, Elliot A., and Bonnie Moradi. 2016. “Suicide Risk in Trans Populations: AnApplication of Minority Stress Theory.” Journal of Counseling Psychology 63, no.(5): 520-33. https://doi.org/10.1037/cou0000152

  139. Tishelman, Amy C., Randi Kaufman, Laura Edwards-Leeper, Francie H. Mandel,Daniel E. Shumer, and Norman P. Spack. 2015. “Serving Transgender Youth:Challenges, Dilemmas, and Clinical Examples.” Professional Psychology: Researchand Practice 46, no. (1): 37-45. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0037490

  140. Turner, John C. 1982. “Towards a cognitive redefinition of the social group.” InSocial identity and intergroup relations, edited by Henri Taifel, 15-40. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.

  141. UNESCO. 2005. “Convención sobre la Protección y Promoción de la Diversidadde las expresiones Culturales.” https://es.unesco.org/creativity/convention

  142. Van de Voorde Carine, y Christian Léonard. 2007. Search for Evidence and CriticalAppraisal: Health Services Research (HSR). (4-5), Brussels: Belgian Health CareKnowledge Centre (KCE). Disponible en: https://www.fraserhealth.ca//media/Project/FraserHealth/FraserHealth/Health-Professionals/Research-and-Evaluation-Services/Knowledge-translation/search_evidence_critical_appraisal_health_services_research.pdf?rev=274ed13bb7f641ffbe7c88c3771ee98c

  143. Sluis, Wouter B. van der, Jan Maerten Smit, Garry L.S. Pigot, Marlon E. Buncamper,Henri A.H. Winters, Margriet G. Mullender, and Mark‐Bram Bouman.2017. “Double Flap Phalloplasty in Transgender Men: Surgical Technique andOutcome of Pedicled Anterolateral Thigh Flap Phalloplasty Combined withRadial Forearm Free Flap Urethral Reconstruction.” Microsurgery 37, no. (8):917-23. https://doi.org/10.1002/micr.30190

  144. Veale, Jaimie F., Ryan J. Watson, Tracey Peter, and Elizabeth M. Saewyc. 2017.“Mental Health Disparities Among Canadian Transgender Youth.” Journalof Adolescent Health 60, no. (1): 44-49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2016.09.014

  145. Velez, Brandon L., Aaron S. Breslow, Melanie E. Brewster, Robert Cox, and AashaB. Foster. 2016. “Building a Pantheoretical Model of Dehumanization withTransgender Men: Integrating Objectification and Minority Stress Theories.”Journal of Counseling Psychology 63, no. (5): 497-508. https://doi.org/10.1037/cou0000136

  146. Vena, Dan. 2017. “Rereading Superman as a Trans F/Man”. Transformative Worksand Cultures, no. (25). http://dx.doi.org/10.3983/twc.2017.1063

  147. Wikler, Daniel. 1997. Presidential Address: Bioethics and Social Responsability.Bioethics 11 no. (3-4): 185-92 https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8519.00057

  148. Wikler, Daniel, y Dan W Brock. 2008. “Population-level bioethics: mapping a newagenda”. En Green, Ronald M.; Donovan, Aine; Jauss, Steven A., eds., Ethics,prevention, and public health, 78-94, Oxford: University Press

  149. Williams, Bryan L., Sylvia Brown, Michael Greenberg, and Mokbul A. Kahn. 1999.“Risk Perception in Context: The Savannah River Site Stakeholder Study.” RiskAnalysis 19, no. (6): 1019-35. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.1999.tb01125.x

  150. Wolfe-Roubatis, Emily, and Diane L. Spatz. 2015. “Transgender Men and Lactation.”MCN, The American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing 40, no. (1): 32-38.https://doi.org/10.1097/nmc.0000000000000097

  151. Zhao, Peizhen, Songyuan Tang, Cheng Wang, Ye Zhang, John Best, ThitikarnMay Tangthanasup, Shujie Huang, et al. 2017. “Recreational Drug Use amongChinese MSM and Transgender Individuals: Results from a National OnlineCross-Sectional Study.” Edited by Zhefeng Meng. PLOS ONE 12, no. (1):e0170024. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0170024




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com