medigraphic.com
ISSN 1729-519X (Print)

2021, Number 2

<< Back Next >>

Revista Habanera de Ciencias Médicas 2021; 20 (2)

Risk factors associated with nasopharyngeal colonization in children vaccinated with pneumococcal vaccines. Cienfuegos, 2015-16

Chavez ADM, Casanova GMF, Linares PN, Toledo RME, Capote PJL

Language: Spanish
References: 23
Page: 1-14
PDF size: 904.42 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Introduction: Nasopharyngeal colonization by pneumococci is defined as the initial moment when the bacterium lodges in the nasopharynx of the person.
Objective: To estimate the proportion of risk factors associated with nasopharyngeal colonization by pneumococci in children vaccinated with conjugate pneumococcal vaccines (CPV).
Material and Methods: One year after pneumococcal vaccination, a follow-up case-case-control study was conducted in children aged 1-5 years by means of a phase II/III controlled, randomized, double-blind clinical trial. The time horizon was from November 2015 to April 2016. The study included 50 % of the total of children vaccinated during the experimental study. The universe consisted of 1135 children who were vaccinated during the clinical trial. A simple random sampling that included 555 persons was applied. A survey was conducted and nasopharyngeal exudate samples were taken. Tables of frequencies were presented. Prevalence ratio was used as a measure of association. Also, 95 % confidence intervals were calculated for each proportion.
Results: Being between the ages of 2-5 years acts as protective factor against nasopharyngeal colonization with respect to the young child. Living with persons older than 65 years is a significantly associated risk factor with nasopharyngeal colonization.
Conclusions: The introduction of pneumococcal vaccines in pre-school children can have a significant impact on colonization burden and the transmission of pneumococcal diseases.


REFERENCES

  1. Usuf E, Badji H, Bojang A, Jarju S, Ikumapayi U, Antonio M, et al. Pneumococcal carriage in rural Gambia prior to the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine: a population-based survey. Trop Med Int Health [Internet]. 2015 Jul [Citado 15/10/2018];20(7):871-9. Disponible en: Disponible en: http://doi.org.10.1111/tmi.12505

  2. Ojal J, Hammitt L, Gaitho J, Scott J, Goldblatt D. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine induced IgG and nasopharyngeal carriage of pneumococci: Hyporesponsiveness and immune correlates of protection for carriage. Vaccine [Internet]. 2017 Aug [Citado 15/10/2018];35:4652-7. Disponible en: Disponible en: http://doi.org.10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.05.088

  3. Loo J, Conklin L, Fleming K, Knoll M, Park D, Kirk J, et al. Systematic review of the indirect effect of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine dosing schedules on pneumococcal disease and colonization. Pediatr Infect Dis J [Internet]. 2014 Jan [Citado 15/10/2018];33(Suppl.2):S161-71. Disponible en: Disponible en: http://doi.org.10.1097/INF.0000000000000084

  4. Ricketson L, Conradi N, Vanderkooi O, Kellner J. Changes in the Nature and Severity of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Children Before and After the Seven-valent and Thirteen-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Programs in Calgary, Canada. Pediatr Infect Dis J [Internet]. 2018 Jan [Citado 15/10/2018];37(1):22-7. Disponible en: Disponible en: http://doi.org.10.1097/INF.0000000000001709

  5. Davis S, Deloria M, Kassa H, O'Brien K. Impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on nasopharyngeal carriage and invasive disease among unvaccinated people: review of evidence on indirect effects. Vaccine [Internet]. 2013 Dic [Citado 15/10/2018];32(1):133-45. Disponible en: Disponible en: http://doi.org.10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.05.005

  6. R Core Team. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, [Internet]. Vienna: Foundation for Statistical Computing; 2018 [Citado 15/10/2018]. Disponible en: Disponible en: https://www.gbif.org/tool/81287/r-a-language-and-environment-for-statistical-computing

  7. Satzke C, Turnerd P, Virolainen Julkunenf A, Adriang P, Antonioh M, Harei KM, et al. WHO Pneumococcal Carriage Working Group. Standard method for detecting upper respiratory carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae: updated recommendations from the World Health Organization Pneumococcal Carriage Working Group. Vaccine [Internet]. 2013 Dec [Citado 15/10/2018];32(1):165-79. Disponible en: Disponible en: http://doi.org.10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.08.062

  8. Asociación Médica Mundial. Declaración de Helsinki de la AMM-Principios éticos para las investigaciones médicas en seres humanos. 64ª Asamblea General, Fortaleza, Brasil, octubre 2013. [Internet]. Brasil: Asociación Médica Mundial; 2014 [Citado 15/10/2018]. Disponible en: Disponible en: http://www.isciii.es/ISCIII/es/contenidos/fd-investigacion/fd-evaluacion/fd-evaluacion-etica-investigacion/Declaracion-Helsinki-2013

  9. Elma E, Altman D, Egger M, Pocockd S, Gotzschee P, Vandenbrouckef J, et al. Declaración de la Iniciativa STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology): directrices para la comunicación de estudios observacionales. Gac Sanit. 2008; 22 (2): 144-50.

  10. Watson D, Musher D, Jacobson J, Verhoef J. A brief history of the pneumococcus in biomedical research: a panoply of scientific discovery. Clin Infect Dis. 1993 Nov; 17 (5): 913-24.

  11. McFarland M, Szasz T, Zhou J, Motley K, Sivapalan J, Isaacson Schmid M, et al. Colonization with 19F and other pneumococcal conjugate vaccine serotypes in children in St. Louis, Missouri, USA. Vaccine [Internet]. 2017 Aug [Citado 15/10/2018];35(34):4389-95. Disponible en: Disponible en: http://doi.org.10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.06.047

  12. Castañeda E, Agudelo C, De Antonio R, Rosselli D, Calderón C, Ortega E, et al. Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 19A in Latin America and the Caribbean: a systematic review and meta-analysis, 1990-2010. BMC Infect Dis [Internet]. 2012 May [Citado 15/10/2018];12:124. Disponible en: Disponible en: http://doi.org.10.1186/1471-2334-12-124

  13. Lee J, Yun K, Choi E, Kim S, Lee S, Lee H. Changes in the Serotype Distribution among Antibiotic Resistant Carriage Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates in Children after the Introduction of the Extended-Valency Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine. J Korean Med Sci [Internet]. 2017 Sep [Citado 15/10/2018];32(9):1431-9. Disponible en: Disponible en: http://doi.org.10.3346/jkms.2017.32.9.1431

  14. Kim Y, LaFon D, Nahm M. Indirect Effects of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines in National Immunization Programs for Children on Adult Pneumococcal Disease. Infect Chemother [Internet]. 2016 Dec [Citado 15/10/2018];48(4):257-66. Disponible en: Disponible en: http://doi.org.10.3947/ic.2016.48.4.257

  15. Vila A, Ochoa O, Hospital I, De Diego C, Satué E, Bladé J, et al. Pneumococcal vaccination coverages among low-, intermediate-, and high-risk adults in Catalonia. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2016 Nov; 12(11): 2953-8.

  16. Ochoa O, Hospital I, Vila A, Aragón M, Jariod M, de Diego C, et al. Prevalence of high, medium and low-risk medical conditions for pneumococcal vaccination in Catalonian middle-aged and older adults: a population-based study. BMC Public Health [Internet]. 2017 Jun [Citado 15/10/2018];17(1):610. Disponible en: Disponible en: http://doi.org.10.1186/s12889-017-4529-8

  17. Cohen C, Von Mollendorf C, de Gouveia L, Lengana S, Meiring S, Quan V, et al. Effectiveness of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine against invasive pneumococcal disease in South African children: a case-control study. Lancet Glob Health [Internet]. 2017 Mar [Citado 15/10/2018];5(3):e359-e369. Disponible en: Disponible en: http://doi.org.10.1016/S2214-109X(17)30043-8

  18. Picazo J, Ruiz J, Casado J, Negreira S, Baquero F, Hernández T, et al. Effect of the different 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccination uptakes on the invasive pneumococcal disease in children: Analysis of a hospital-based and population-based surveillance study in Madrid, Spain, 2007-2015. PLoS One [Internet]. 2017 Feb [Citado 15/10/2018];12(2):e0172222. Disponible en: Disponible en: http://doi.org.10.1371/journal.pone.0172222

  19. Abdullahi O, Karani A, Tigoi C, Mugo D, Kungu S, Wanjiru E, et al. Rates of acquisition and clearance of pneumococcal serotypes in the nasopharynges of children in Kilifi District, Kenya. J Infect Dis [Internet]. 2012 Oct [Citado 15/10/2018];206(7):1020-9. Disponible en: Disponible en: http://doi.org.10.1093/infdis/jis447

  20. Mayanskiy N, Alyabieva N, Ponomarenko O, Pakhomov A, Kulichenko T, Ivanenko A, et al. Bacterial etiology of acute otitis media and characterization of pneumococcal serotypes and genotypes among children in Moscow, Russia. Pediatr Infect Dis J [Internet]. 2015 Mar [Citado 15/10/2018];34(3):255-60. Disponible en: Disponible en: http://doi.org.10.1097/INF.0000000000000554

  21. Zhou J, Isaacson M, Utterson E, Todd E, McFarland M, Sivapalan J, et al. Prevalence of nasopharyngeal pneumococcal colonization in children and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of carriage isolates. Int J Infect Dis [Internet]. 2015 Oct [Citado 15/10/2018];39:50-2. Disponible en: Disponible en: http://doi.org.10.1016/j.ijid.2015.08.010

  22. Menezes A, Azevedo J, Leite M, Campos L, Cunha M, Carvalho Mda G, et al. Nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae among children in an urban setting in Brazil prior to PCV10 introduction. Vaccine [Internet]. 2016 Feb [Citado 15/10/2018];34(6):791-7. Disponible en: Disponible en: http://doi.org.10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.12.042

  23. Nzenze S, Madhi S, Shiri T, Klugman K, de Gouveia L, Moore D, et al. Imputing the Direct and Indirect Effectiveness of Childhood Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Against Invasive Pneumococcal Disease by Surveying Temporal Changes in Nasopharyngeal Pneumococcal Colonization. Am J Epidemiol [Internet]. 2017 Aug [Citado 15/10/2018];186(4):435-44. Disponible en: Disponible en: http://doi.org.10.1093/aje/kwx048




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com