Recinos CT, Sanabria QMF, Castro GM

Language: Spanish
References: 15
Page:
PDF size: 152.10 Kb.

ABSTRACT

Ocular allergies (OA) are a group of hypersensitivity disorders characterized by inflammation in the conjunctival. Approximately 20% of the world's population suffers from some form of ocular allergy, mainly people with pre-existing allergic conditions. However, under-recognition and under-treatment of ocular symptoms is common. Under-diagnosis of these conditions has a significant impact on the quality of life of patients. The development of OAs depends on environmental and genetic components. OAs are classified into seasonal allergic conjunctivitis, perennial allergic conjunctivitis, vernal keratoconjunctivitis, atopic keratoconjunctivitis and giant papillary conjunctivitis. The clinical course, duration, severity and comorbidities vary, depending on the specific ocular region affected and the immunological mechanisms involved. Diagnosis is usually clinical. However, it is challenging to differentiate between these conditions as they have overlapping symptoms and signs. The most common symptoms are pruritus, conjunctival injection, eyelid edema and lacrimation. The main goal of treatment is to control the symptomatology as well as to improve the patient's quality of life. Treatment comprises pharmacological and non-pharmacological measures. However, the success of the treatment involves improving the under-diagnosis rate through a thorough history and physical examination; and a better understanding and utilization of currently available diagnostic tools.

REFERENCES

1. Leonardi A, Silva D, Perez Formigo D,Bozkurt B, Sharma V, Allegri P, et al.Management of ocular allergy. Allergy[Internet]. 2019 Sep [citado 2023 Enero13];74(9):1611–30. Disponible en:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30887530/

2. Zhang S-yao, Li J, Liu R, Lao HY, Fan Z, JinL, et al. Association of allergic conjunctivitiswith health-related quality of life in childrenand their parents. JAMA Ophthalmology[Internet]. 2021 Jun [citado 2023 Enero13];139(8):830–7. Disponible en:https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/2780935?utm_campaign=articlePDF&utm_medium=articlePDFlink&:utm_source=articlePDF&:utm_content=jamaophthalmol.2021.1708

3. Ronconi CS, Issaho DC, Ejzenbaum F, Hopker LM, Solé D, Chong Neto HJ, et al. Brazilian guidelines for the monitoring and treatment of pediatric allergic conjunctivitis. Arq Bras Oftalmol [Internet]. 2022 Jul;85(Arq. Bras. Oftalmol., 2022 85(4)). Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.5935/0004-2749.20220053

4. Chong-Neto HJ, Rosario C, Leonardi A, Rosario Filho NA. Ocular allergy in children and adolescents. Allergologia et Immunopathologia [Internet]. 2022 May 20 [citado 2023 Enero 13];50(SP1):30–6. Disponible en: https://www.all-imm.com/index.php/aei/article/view/536

5. Bielory L, Delgado L, Katelaris CH, Leonardi A, Rosario N, Vichyanoud P. ICON Diagnosis and management of allergic conjunctivitis. Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology [Internet]. 2020 Nov [citado 2023 Enero 15];124(2):118–34. Disponible en: https://www.annallergy.org/article/S1081-1206(19)31394-8/fulltext

6. Dupuis P, Prokopich CL, Hynes A, Kim H. A contemporary look at allergic conjunctivitis. Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology [Internet]. 2020 Enero 21 [citado 2023 Enero 14];16(5). Disponible en: https://aacijournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13223-020-0403-9

7. Navarrete-Rodríguez E, Sienra-Monge JJL, Ureña-Ortiz R. Alergia ocular. Rev. Fac. Med. (Méx.) [revista en la Internet]. 2018 Jun [citado 2023 Enero 14]; 61(3): 7-16. Disponible en: http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0026-17422018000300007&lng=es

8. Miyazaki D, Takamura E, Uchio E, Ebihara N, Ohno S, Ohashi Y, et al. Japanese guidelines for allergic conjunctival diseases 2020. Allergology International [Internet]. 2020 Abril 25 [citado 2023 Enero 15];69(3):346–55. Disponible en: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S132389302030037X?via%3Dihub

9. Kliegman RM, Cho CB, Boguniewicz M, Sicherer SH. Capítulo 172 Alergias oculares. En: Nelson tratado de pediatría. 21st ed. Barcelona, España: Elsevier; 2020. p. 1219–22.

10. Qureshi S, Venkateswaran N. Atopic keratoconjunctivitis: Diagnosis and treatment - current ophthalmology reports [Internet]. SpringerLink. Springer US; 2022 [citado 2023 Enero 12]. Disponible en: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40135-022-00299-z

11. Rodrigues J, Kuruvilla ME, Vanijcharoenkarn K, Patel N, Hom MM, Wallace DV. The spectrum of allergic ocular diseases. Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology [Internet]. 2021 Mar [citado 2023 Enero 14];126(3):240–54. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33276116/

12. Kenny SE, Tye CB, Johnson DA, Kheirkhah A. Giant papillary conjunctivitis: A Review. The Ocular Surface [Internet]. 2020 Jul [citado 2023 Enero 13];18(3):396–402. Disponible en: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1542012420300604?via%3Dihub

13. Yanoff M, Duker JS, Rubinstein JB, Spektor T. 4.7 Conjuntivitis alérgica. En: Oftalmologia. 5th ed. Barcelona, España: Elsevier Editora Ltda.; 2020. p. 192–5.

14. Vidal B, Benitez JM. Current Knowledge in Allergic Conjunctivitis. 2021Turk J Ophthalmol. 2021, [citado 2023 Enero 13] 25;51(1):45-54. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.4274/tjo.galenos.2020.11456

15. Riggioni S, Riggioni C, Sánchez MC, Valero A. Conjuntivitis alérgica. Revista de Rinología. 2018[citado 2023 Enero 13]; 18(2):65-70. Disponible en: https://www.revistaderinologia.com/resumen.php?id=36