medigraphic.com
Colegio de Medicina Interna de México.

2023, Number 2

<< Back Next >>

Med Int Mex 2023; 39 (2)

Kidney failure consequence of right or left heart failure; heart failure consequence of kidney failure. Cardiorenal syndrome.

Rodríguez-Armida M, Nava-Santana CA, Márquez-Abreu M, Núñez-Hernández JC, Rodríguez-Weber F

Language: Spanish
References: 49
Page: 313-321
PDF size: 244.03 Kb.


ABSTRACT

The care for patients with cardiorenal syndrome has evolved recently because more adequate and readily available definitions have been proposed both for kidney injury and heart failure. It is no surprising that, given the complex relationship between these two marvelous organs, when one becomes compromised the other can be affected too. Recently with the more adequate definitions of the different types of cardiorenal syndrome the diagnosis and treatment for these patients have become clearer, but it is important to individualize each case. For example, contrary to classic teaching, usually the most important factor conditioning kidney injury in heart failure is venous hypertension resulting in a reduction of glomerular filtration and activation of neurohormonal mechanisms with the result of salt and water retention that further aggravate the edematous state. The cornerstone treatment of these patients is decongestion with the use of diuretics or even ultrafiltration by dialysis. A rise in creatinine with the use of loop diuretics may be expected when the patient decongests and this should not deter further diuresis. Novel treatments for both heart failure and kidney disease have been recently approved and found to be efficient, for example SGLT2 inhibitors, which further demonstrate that the complex relationship exists and that the other organ should always be taken into consideration when one fails.


REFERENCES

  1. Hicks KA, Mahaffey KW, Mehran R, Nissen SE, WiviottSD, Dunn B, Solomon SD, Marler JR, Teerlink JR, Farb A,Morrow DA, Targum SL, Sila CA, Hai MT, Jaff MR, JoffeHV, Cutlip DE, Desai AS, Lewis EF, Gibson CM, Landray MJ,Lincoff AM, White CJ, Brooks SS, Rosenfield K, DomanskiMJ, Lansky AJ, McMurray J, Tcheng JE, Steinhubl SR,Burton P, Mauri L, O’Connor CM, Pfeffer MA, Hung HM,Stockbridge NL, Chaitman BR, Temple RJ; StandardizedData Collection for Cardiovascular Trials Initiative (SCTI). 2017 Cardiovascular and stroke endpoint definitions forclinical trials. Circulation 2018; 137: 961-972. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.033502.

  2. Universal definition and classification of heart failure:A report of the Heart Failure Society of America, HeartFailure Association of the European Society of Cardiology,Japanese Heart Failure Society and Writing Committeeof the Universal Definition of Heart Failure Endorsed byCanadian Heart Failure Society, Heart Failure Associationof India, the Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand,and the Chinese Heart Failure Association. Eur J HeartFailure 2021; 1-29. doi:10.1002/ejhf.2115.

  3. Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO)Blood Pressure Work Group. KDIGO 2021 Clinical PracticeGuideline for the Management of Blood Pressure in ChronicKidney Disease. Kidney Int 2021; 99 (3S): S1-S87. doi:10.1016/j.kint.2020.11.003.

  4. Mehra MR, Park MH, Landzberg MJ, Lala A, Waxman AB,International Right Heart Failure Foundation ScientificWorking Group. Right heart failure: toward a commonlanguage. J Heart Lung Transplant 2014; 33: 123-126. doi:10.1016/j.healun.2013.10.015.

  5. Rosenkranz S, Gibbs JS, Wachter R, De Marco T, Vonk‐NoordegraafA, Vachiery JL. Left ventricular heart failure andpulmonary hypertension. Eur Heart J 2016; 37: 942-954.doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehv512.

  6. Nijst P, Martens P, Dupont M, Tang WHW, Mullens W. Intrarenalflow alterations during transition from euvolemiato intravascular volume expansion in heart failure patients.J Am Coll Cardiol HF 2017; 5: 672-681. doi: 10.1016/j.jchf.2017.05.006.

  7. Damman K, Navis G, Smilde TD, Voors AA, van der Bij W,van Veldhuisen DJ, Hillege HL. Decreased cardiac output,venous congestion and the association with renal impairmentin patients with cardiac dysfunction. Eur J Heart Fail2007; 9: 872-878. doi: 10.1016/j.ejheart.2007.05.010.

  8. Husain‐Syed F, McCullough PA, Birk HW, Renker M, BroccaA, Seeger W, Ronco C. Cardio‐pulmonary‐renal interactions:a multidisciplinary approach. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015; 65:2433-2448. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.04.024.

  9. Van Aelst LNL, Arrigo M, Placido R, Akiyama E, Girerd N,Zannad F, Manivet P, Rossignol P, Badoz M, Sadoune M,Launay JM, Gayat E, Lam CSP, Cohen‐Solal A, Mebazaa A,Seronde MF. Acutely decompensated heart failure withpreserved and reduced ejection fraction present withcomparable haemodynamic congestion. Eur J Heart Fail2018; 20: 738-747. doi: 10.1002/ejhf.1050.

  10. Chioncel O, Mebazaa A, Maggioni AP, Harjola VP, RosanoG, Laroche C, Piepoli MF, Crespo‐Leiro MG, Lainscak M, PonikowskiP, Filippatos G, Ruschitzka F, Seferovic P, Coats AJS,Lund LH, ESC‐EORP‐HFA Heart Failure Long‐Term RegistryInvestigators. Acute heart failure congestion and perfusionstatus—impact of the clinical classification on in‐hospitaland long-term outcomes; insights from the ESCEORP‐ HFAHeart Failure Long‐Term Registry. Eur J Heart Fail 2019; 21:1338-1352. doi: 10.1002/ejhf.1492.

  11. Ronco C, McCullough P, Anker SD, Anand I, et al. Cardiorrenalsyndromes: report from the consensus conference ofthe Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative. Eur Heart J 2010; 31:703-711. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehp507.

  12. Bagshaw SM, Cruz DN, Aspromonte N, Dallento L, et al.Epidemiology of cardiorrenal syndromes: workgroupstatements from the 7th ADQI Consensus Conference.Nephrol Dial Transplant 2010; 25: 1406-1416. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfq066.

  13. Cruz DN, Bagshaw SM. Heart-kidney interaction: epidemiologyof cardiorenal syndromes. Int J Nephrol 2010; 2011:351291. doi: 10.4061/2011/351291.

  14. Ronco C, Kellum JA, Bellomo R, et al. Acute Dialysis QualityInitiative (ADQI). Contrib Nephrol 2013; 182: 1-4.

  15. McCullough PA, Kellum JA, Haase M, Müller C, et al.Pathophysiology of the cardiorenal syndromes: executivesummary from the eleventh consensus conference of theAcute Dialysis Quality Initiative (ADQI). Contrib Nephrol2013; 182: 82-98. doi: 10.1159/000349966.

  16. Haase M, Müller C, Damman K, Murray PT, et al. Pathogenesisof Cardiorenal Syndrome Type 1 in Acute DecompensatedHeart Failure: Workgroup Statements fromthe Eleventh Consensus Conference of the Acute DialysisQuality Initiative (ADQI). Contrib Nephrol 2013; 182: 99-116. doi: 10.1159/000349969.

  17. Cruz DN, Schmidt-Ott KM, Vescovo G, House AA, et al.Pathophysiology of Cardiorenal Syndrome Type 2 in StableChronic Heart Failure: Workgroup Statements from the EleventhConsensus Conference of the Acute Dialysis QualityInitiative (ADQI). Contrib Nephrol 2013; 182: 117-136. doi:10.1159/000349968.

  18. Bagshaw SM, Hoste EA, Braam B, Briguori C, et al. Cardiorenalsyndrome type 3: pathophysiologic and epidemiologicconsiderations. Contrib Nephrol 2013; 182: 137-157. doi:10.1159/000349971.

  19. Tumlin JA, Costanzo MR, Chawla LS, et al. Cardiorenalsyndrome type 4: Insights on clinical presentation andpathophysiology from the Eleventh Consensus Conferenceof the Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative (ADQI). ContribNephrol 2013; 182: 158-173. doi: 10.1159/000349972.

  20. Mehta RL, Rabb H, Shaw AD, et al. Cardiorenal syndrometype 5: clinical presentation, pathophysiology and managementstrategies from the Eleventh Consensus Conferenceof the Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative (ADQI). ContribNephrol 2013; 182: 174-194. doi: 10.1159/000349970.

  21. Lopes JA, Jorge S. The RIFLE and AKIN classifications foracute kidney injury: a critical and comprehensive review.Clin Kidney J 2013; 6: 8-14. doi: 10.1093/ckj/sfs160.

  22. Roy AK, Mc Gorrian C, Treacy C, Kavanaugh E, et al. Acomparison of traditional and novel definitions (RIFLE,AKIN, and KDIGO) of acute kidney injury for the predictionof outcomes in acute decompensated heart failure.Cardiorenal Med 2013; 3: 26-37. doi: 10.1159/000347037.

  23. Drazner MH, Rame JE, Stevenson LW, Dries DL. Prognosticimportance of elevated jugular venous pressure and a thirdheart sound in patients with heart failure. N Engl J Med.2001; 345: 574581. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa010641.

  24. Mullens W, Abrahams Z, Skouri HN, Francis GS, et al.Elevated intra-abdominal pressure in acute decompensatedheart failure: a potential contributor to worseningrenal function? J Am Coll Cardiol 2008; 51: 300-306. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2007.09.043.

  25. Mullens W, Abrahams Z, Francis GS, Sokos G, et al. Importanceof venous congestion for worsening of renal functionin advanced decompensated heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol2009; 53: 589-596. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2008.05.068.

  26. Gnanaraj JF, Haehling von S, Anker SD, Raj DS, et al. Therelevance of congestion in the cardiorenal syndrome.Kidney Int 2013; 83: 384-391. doi: 10.1038/ki.2012.406.

  27. Verbrugge FH, Dupont M, Steels P, Grieten L, et al. Abdominalcontributions to cardiorrenal dysfunction in congestiveheart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013; 62 (6): 485-95. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2013.04.070.

  28. Colombo PC, Onat D, Sabbah HN. Acute heart failure as“acute endothelitis”-- Interaction of fluid overload andendothelial dysfunction. Eur J Heart Fail 2008; 10: 170- 175.doi: 10.1016/j.ejheart.2007.12.007.

  29. Srisawat N, Kellum JA. The role of biomarkers in acute kidneyinjury. Crit Care Clin 2020; 36: 125-140. doi: 10.1016/j.ccc.2019.08.010.

  30. Forman DE, Butler J, Wang Y, et al. Incidence, predictors atadmission, and impact of worsening renal function amongpatients hospitalized with heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol2004; 43: 61-67. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2003.07.031.

  31. Mehran R, Aymong ED, Nikolsky E, Lasic Z, et al. A simplerisk score for prediction of contrast-induced nephropathyafter percutaneous coronary intervention: developmentand initial validation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004; 44: 1393-1399. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2004.06.068.

  32. Thakar CV, Arrigain S, Worley S, Yared JP, et al. A clinicalscore to predict acute renal failure after cardiac surgery.J Am Soc Nephrol 2005; 16: 162-168. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2004040331.

  33. Felker GM, Mentz RJ, Cole RT, Adams K, et al. Efficacy andsafety of tolvaptan in patients hospitalized with acuteheart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017; 69: 1399-1406. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2016.09.004.

  34. Freda BJ, Mallidi J, Braden GL. ¿Diuretics or ultrafiltrationfor acute decompensated heart failure and cardiorenalsyndrome? Am J Kidney Dis 2013; 62: 453-456. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ajkd.2013.03.001.

  35. Hillege HL, Nitsch D, Pfeffer MA, et al. Renal function as apredictor of outcome in a broad spectrum of patients withheart failure. Circulation 2006; 113: 671-678. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.580506.

  36. Yancy CW, Jessup M, Bozkurt B, Butler J, et al. 2017 ACC/AHA/HFSA Focused Update of the 2013 ACCF/AHA Guidelinefor the Management of Heart Failure: A Report of theAmerican College of Cardiology/American Heart AssociationTask Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines and the HeartFailure Society of America. J Card Fail 2017; 23: 628-651.https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000509.

  37. Manrique J, Morales E. Opciones terapéuticas futuraspara el tratamiento de la hiperpotasemia crónica. MonogrNefrol 2019; 1: 33-41.

  38. McMurray JJ, Packer M, Desai AS, et al. Angiotensin-neprilysininhibition versus enalapril in heart failure. N Engl JMed 2014; 371: 993-1004. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1409077.

  39. Quiroga B, de Santos A, Sapiencia D, Saharaui Y, Álvarez-Chiva V. Sacubitril/valsartan in chronic kidney disease, thenephrologist point of view. Nefrología 2019; 39: 646-652.doi: 10.1016/j.nefro.2019.01.005.

  40. Neuen BL, Young T, Heerspink HJL, Neal B, et al. SGLT2 inhibitorsfor the prevention of kidney failure in patients withtype 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2019; 7: 845-854. doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(19)30256-6.

  41. Zelniker TA, Wiviott SD, Raz I, Im K, et al. Comparison ofthe effects of glucagon-like peptide receptor agonists andsodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors for prevention ofmajor adverse cardiovascular and renal outcomes in type2 diabetes mellitus. Circulation 2019; 139: 2022-2031. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.038868.

  42. McMurray JJV, Solomon SD, Inzucchi SE, Kober L, et al.Dapagliflozin in patients with heart failure and reducedejection fraction. N Engl J Med 2019; 381: 1995-2008. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa1911303.

  43. Cleland JGF, Daubert J-C, Erdmann E, Freemantle N, et al.The effect of cardiac resynchronization on morbidity andmortality in heart failure. N Engl J Med 2005; 352: 1539-1549. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa050496.

  44. Prabhu SD. Cytokine-induced modulation of cardiacfunction. Circ Res 2004; 95:1140-1153. doi: 10.1161/01.RES.0000150734.79804.92.

  45. Bagshaw SM, Cruz DN, Gibney RTN, Ronco C. A proposedalgorithm for initiation of renal replacement therapy inadult critically ill patients. Crit Care 2009; 13: 317. doi:10.1186/cc8037.

  46. Go AS, Chertow GM, Fan D, McCulloch CE, et al. Chronic kidneydisease and the risks of death, cardiovascular events,and hospitalization. N Engl J Med 2004; 351: 1296-1305.doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa041031.

  47. Lindner A, Charra B, Sherrard DJ, Scribner BHl. Acceleratedatherosclerosis in prolonged maintenance hemodialysis.N Engl J Med 1974; 290: 697-701. doi: 10.1056/NEJM197403282901301.

  48. Locatelli F, Aljama P, Canaud B, Covic C, et al. Targethaemoglobin to aim for with erythropoiesis-stimulatingagents: a position statement by ERBP following publicationof the Trial to reduce cardiovascular events with Aranesptherapy (TREAT) study. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2010; 25:2846-2850. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfq336.

  49. Abraham E, Singer M. Mechanisms of sepsis-induced organdysfunction. Crit Care Med 2007; 35: 2408-2416. doi:10.1016/j.ccc.2017.08.003.




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com