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2021, Number 3

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Rev Cubana Cardiol Cir Cardiovasc 2021; 27 (3)

Use of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in COVID-19

Colao JY, Abi-Rezk MN, Rodriguez RKM, Herrera AM, Mesa BY, Bernal LE

Language: Spanish
References: 51
Page: 1-11
PDF size: 985.23 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Introduction: On March 11, 2020, COVID-19 was declared a pandemic, most of the patients are asymptomatic or experience discrete symptoms; a group of them severely ill experience rapid progression to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), with a mortality of 49 to 81%; When all measures have been insufficient, the use of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) therapy can provide adequate oxygenation and they have the opportunity to recover.
Objective: To determine, through the reviewed literature, what have been the results of the use of ECMO in critically ill patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and with ARDS, according to survival, mortality and the modality used.
Methods: A search was carried out from December 1, 2019 to March 15, 2021 in the PubMed and Scopus databases, which reflected the evolution of clinically serious patients with the diagnosis of COVID-19 who underwent the ECMO therapy.
Results: From a total of 3648 patients from 23 selected studies, 2008 patients were successfully uncoupled from ECMO, for a 55% survival; 1432 patients died, with a mortality of 39.2%. The most used modality was Veno Venous (VV) ECMO, as expected in patients affected by ARDS for a total of 3360 patients (92.1%).
Conclusions: In critically ill patients with ARDS diagnosed with COVID-19 properly selected, VV ECMO reduces mortality compared to conventional treatment, according to the studies evaluated and in accordance with the ELSO reports.


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