medigraphic.com
ISSN 1561-3046 (Electronic)

2021, Number 4

<< Back Next >>

Rev Cub Med Mil 2021; 50 (4)

Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 patients with chemosensory disorders

Lorenzo GSC, Proenza RE, Romero GJA, Leyva ZY, Fernández ZA

Language: Spanish
References: 26
Page:
PDF size: 213.83 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Introduction: Chemosensory disorders have been identified as typical symptoms of COVID-19.
Objective: To characterize patients with COVID-19 and referred chemosensory disorders.
Methods: One hundred and fifty-two hospitalized patients, positive for COVID-19, with referred chemosensory disorders were included. Clinical and epidemiological variables, inflammation markers, chest X-ray and treatment used were studied.
Results: The average age was 40.2 years, the female sex 59.2%. The antecedent of confirmed case contact (62.5 %), anosmia (95.7 %), ageusia (93.3 %), and the absence of comorbidities (53.3 %) and accompanying symptoms (36.8 %), prevailed. In patients with an indeterminate source of infection, confirmation was late (3.89 days); there were no significant differences between those who presented one or both disorders (p = 0.053), nor between those who did or did not present associated symptoms (p = 0.14). In 2 % the neutrophil index was greater than 4; 3.3 % had an absolute lymphocyte count lower than 1500x106/L and 68.4 % did not show radiological alteration. Antimicrobials were required in 5.9 % and immunomodulators in 5.3 %; 1.3 % were admitted to intensive care. Most (95.4 %) were discharged from the clinic and 1.3 % died.
Conclusions: The female sex predominates, with ageusia or anosmia; those who do not have an epidemiological background are diagnosed with delay. There are no differences in seeking care, for one or both disorders, or for accompanying symptoms. Chemosensory disorders are more referred in the absence of complications and severe disease. Those who refer them spontaneously are generally healthy and oligosymptomatic people.


REFERENCES

  1. Borsetto B, Hopkins C, Philips V, Obholzer R, Tirelli G, Polesel J, et al. Self-reported alteration of sense of smell or taste in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis on 3563 patients. Rhinology. 2020[acceso: 27/04/2021]; 58(5): 430-6. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.4193/Rhin20.185

  2. Tong JY, Wong A, Zhu D, Fastenberg JH, Tham T. The Prevalence of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2020[acceso: 03/05/2021]; 163(1): 3-11. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1177/0194599820926473

  3. CDC: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Symptoms of COVID-19. Atlanta: CDC; 2000 [actualizado: 22/02/2021; acceso: 03/05/2021]. Disponible en: Disponible en: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/symptoms-testing/symptoms.html

  4. Fodoulian L, Tuberosa J, Rossier D, Landis BN, Carleton A, Rodriguez I. SARS-CoV-2 receptor and entry genes are expressed by sustentacular cells in the human olfactory neuroepithelium. iScience. 2020 [acceso: 04/05/2021]; 23(12): 101839. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2020.101839

  5. Mullol J, Alobid I, Mariño-Sánchez F, Izquierdo-Domínguez A, Marin C, Klimek L, et al. The Loss of Smell and Taste in the COVID-19 Outbreak: a Tale of Many Countries. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2020 [acceso: 04/05/2021]; 20:61. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11882-020-00961-1

  6. Vaira LA, Salzano G, Giuseppe Fois A, Piombino P, De Riu G. Potential pathogenesis of ageusia and anosmia in COVID-19 patients. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2020 [acceso: 04/05/2021]; 10(9): 1103-4. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1002/alr.22593

  7. Marchese-Ragona R, Restivo DA, De Corso E, Vianello A, Nicolai P, Ottaviano G. Loss of smell in COVID-19 patients: a critical review with emphasis on the use of olfactory tests. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital. 2020 [acceso: 04/05/2021]; 40(4): 241-7. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.14639/0392-100X-N0862

  8. Ibekwe TS, Fasunla AJ, Orimadegun AE. Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Smell and Taste Disorders in COVID-19. OTO Open. 2020 [acceso: 04/05/2021]; 4(3)1-13. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1177/2473974X20957975

  9. Mao L, Jin H, Wang M, Hu Y, Chen S, He Q, et al. Neurologic manifestations of hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan, China. JAMA Neurol. 2020 [acceso: 04/05/2021]; 77(6): 683-90 Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.1127

  10. Lee Y, Min P, Lee S, Kim SW. Prevalence and duration of acute loss of smell or taste in COVID-19 patients. J Korean Med Sci. 2020 [acceso: 04/05/2021]; 35(18): e174. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e174

  11. Menni C, Valdes AM, Freidin MB, Sudre CH, Nguyen LH, Drew DA, et al. Real-time tracking of self-reported symptoms to predict COVID-19. Nat Med. 2020 [acceso: 04/05/2021]; 26: 1037-40. Disponible en: Disponible en: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-020-0916-2

  12. Lechien JR, Chiesa-Estomba CM, De Siati DR, Horoi M, Le Bon SD, Rodríguez A, et al. Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions as a clinical presentation of mild-to-moderate forms of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19): a multicenter European study. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2020 [acceso: 04/05/2021]; 277: 2251-61. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-020-05965-1

  13. Moein ST, Hashemian SM, Tabarsi P, Doty RL. Prevalence and reversibility of smell dysfunction measured psychophysically in a cohort of COVID-19 patients. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2020 [acceso: 03/05/2021]; 10(10): 1127-35. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1002/alr.22680

  14. Eid M, Al-Kaisy M, Regeia W, Jiwa Khan H. The prognostic accuracy of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio in COVID-19 patients. Front Emerg Med. 2021 [acceso: 10/05/2021]; 5(1): e8. Disponible en: Disponible en: https://core.ac.uk/reader/327264300

  15. Ministerio de Salud Pública. Protocolo de actuación nacional para la COVID-19. Versión 1.6. La Habana; 2021 [acceso: 10/05/2021]. Disponible en: Disponible en: https://files.sld.cu/editorhome/files/2021/03/VERSION_FINAL_6_EXTENDIDA_PROTOCOLO_REVISADA_28_MARZO__2021.pdf

  16. Chiesa-Estomba CM, Lechien JR, Radulesco T, Michel J, Sowerby LJ, Hopkins C, Saussez S. Patterns of smell recovery in 751 patients affected by the COVID-19 outbreak. Eur J Neurol. 2020 [acceso: 10/05/2021]; 27(11): 2318-21. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1111/ene.14440

  17. Beltrán Corbellini A, Chico García JL, Martínez Poles J, Rodríguez Jorge F, Natera Villalba E, Gómez Corral J, et al. Acute-onset smell and taste disorders in the context of COVID-19: a pilot multicentre polymerase chain reaction based case-control study. Eur J Neurol. 2020 [acceso: 10/05/2021]; 27(9): 1738-41. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1111/ene.14273

  18. Vaira LA, Hopkins C, Salzano G, Petrocelli M, Melis A, Cucurullo M, et al. Olfactory and gustatory function impairment in COVID-19 patients: Italian objective multicenter-study. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2020 [acceso: 10/05/2021]; 42(7): 1560-9. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1002/hed.26269

  19. Panuganti BA, Jafari A, MacDonald B, DeConde AS. Predicting COVID-19 incidence using anosmia and other COVID-19 symptomatology: preliminary analysis using Google and Twitter. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2020 [acceso: 10/05/2021]; 163(3): 491-7. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1177/0194599820932128

  20. Ruiz Nápoles JB, Ruiz Nápoles K. Comparación de las características clínicas y epidemiológicas entre pacientes asintomáticos y sintomáticos con la COVID-19. Rev Cuba de Medicina Mil. 2021 [acceso: 17/05/2021]; 50(2): e0210919. Disponible en: Disponible en: http://www.revmedmilitar.sld.cu/index.php/mil/article/view/919

  21. Ferrer Castro JE, Sánchez Hernández E, Poulout Mendoza A, Río Caballero G, Figueredo Sánchez D. Caracterización clínica y epidemiológica de pacientes confirmados con la COVID-19 en la provincia de Santiago de Cuba. Medisan. 2020 [acceso: 19/05/2021]; 24(3): 473. Disponible en: Disponible en: http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1029-30192020000300473

  22. Vaira LA, Hopkins C, Petrocelli M Lechien JR , Soma D , Giovanditto F. Do olfactory and gustatory psychophysical scores have prognostic value in COVID-19 patients? A prospective study of 106 patients. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2020 [acceso: 01/06/2021]; 49: 56. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40463-020-00449-y

  23. Al Jishi JM, Alhajjaj AH, Alkhabbaz FL, Al Abduljabar TH, Alsaif A, Alsaif H, et al. Clinical characteristics of asymptomatic and symptomatic COVID-19 patients in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. J Infect Public Health. 2021 [acceso: 1/06/2021]; 14(1): 6-11. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2020.11.002

  24. Lv Z, Lv S. Clinical characteristics and analysis of risk factors for disease progression of COVID-19: A retrospective Cohort Study. Int J Biol Sci. 2021 [acceso: 12/06/2021]; 17(1): 1-7. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.7150/ijbs.50654

  25. Marcolino MS, Ziegelmann PK, Souza-Silva MVR, Nascimento IJB, Oliveira LM, Monteiro LS. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in Brazil: Results from the Brazilian COVID-19 registry. Int J Infect Dis. 2021 [acceso: 12/06/2021]; 107: 300-10. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2021.01.019

  26. Zhu J, Ji P, Pang J, Zhong Z, Li H, He C, et al. Clinical characteristics of 3062 COVID-19 patients: A meta-analysis. J Med Virol. 2020 [acceso 12/06/2021]; 92(10): 1902-14. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.25884




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com