medigraphic.com
ISSN 2500-7106 (Electronic)
ISSN 0123-2576 (Print)
Medicina & Laboratorio

2023, Number 4

<< Back Next >>

Medicina & Laboratorio 2023; 27 (4)

Frequency of vaginal dysbiosis in women of childbearing age according to international criteria in Cali and Ipiales laboratories

Quintero-Corzo L, Rosero-López ML, Acosta-Derazo EJ, Rincón-Castillo GA, de la Pava-Atehortúa A, Bello–Álvarez LM, Salcedo-Cifuentes M, Tangua-Arias AR, Quiroz-Arias C

Language: Spanish
References: 37
Page: 357-368
PDF size: 137.79 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Introduction. Vaginal dysbiosis in women of childbearing age can affect pregnancy or increase the risk of acquiring sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). We sought to establish the frequency of vaginal dysbiosis in women of childbearing age, and the quality of the report received by doctors for diagnosis. Methodology. We carried out a retrospective/descriptive study that included 225 records of vaginal smears from pregnant and non-pregnant women, from clinical laboratories of three health service provider institutions, attended in laboratories in Cali and Ipiales. Results. 56.4% of the records came from the municipality of Ipiales and the rest from Cali. The average age of the women was 27.5 years. 60% of the samples analyzed had some type of vaginal dysbiosis. 80.4% of the cases of vaginal dysbiosis occurred in pregnant women, of which 50% were during the first trimester of pregnancy. The quality of the report of vaginal smears was deficient in 50% of the cases. Conclusion. The frequency of vaginal dysbiosis was higher in pregnant than in non-pregnant women, no statistically significant association was found between the frequency of vaginal dysbiosis according to gestational age or ethnicity/race. Additionally, there was much heterogeneity in the way the findings were reported, and a considerable proportion of data was missing in those reports.


REFERENCES

  1. France M, Alizadeh M, Brown S, Ma B, RavelJ. Towards a deeper understanding of the vaginalmicrobiota. Nat Microbiol 2022;7:367-378.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41564-022-01083-2.

  2. Auriemma RS, Scairati R, Del Vecchio G, LiccardiA, Verde N, Pirchio R, et al. The vaginalmicrobiome: A long urogenital colonizationthroughout woman life. Front Cell Infect Microbiol2021;11:686167. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2021.686167.

  3. Amabebe E, Anumba DO. The vaginal microenvironment:The physiologic role of lactobacilli.Front Med (Lausanne) 2018;5:181.https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2018.00181.

  4. Vaneechoutte M. The human vaginal microbialcommunity. Res Microbiol 2017;168:811-825.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resmic.2017.08.001.

  5. Borgdorff H, van der Veer C, van HoudtR, Alberts CJ, de Vries HJ, Bruisten SM,et al. The association between ethnicityand vaginal microbiota composition inAmsterdam, the Netherlands. PLoS One2017;12:e0181135. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0181135.

  6. Chen Y, Bruning E, Rubino J, Eder SE. Roleof female intimate hygiene in vulvovaginalhealth: Global hygiene practices and productusage. Womens Health (Lond) 2017;13:58-67.https://doi.org/10.1177/1745505717731011.

  7. Mora-Agüero SA. Microbiota y disbiosis vaginal.Rev Méd Sinerg 2019;4:3-13. https://doi.org/10.31434/rms.v4i1.165.

  8. Rojas-Jiménez S, Lopera-Valle JS, Rodríguez-Padilla LM, Martínez-Sánchez LM. Infeccionesvaginales en pacientes gestantes deuna clínica de alta complejidad de Medellín-Colombia. Arch Med 2016;16:32-42. https://doi.org/10.30554/archmed.16.1.790.2016.

  9. van de Wijgert J, Jespers V. The global healthimpact of vaginal dysbiosis. Res Microbiol2017;168:859-864. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resmic.2017.02.003.

  10. Owens DK, Davidson KW, Krist AH, BarryMJ, Cabana M, Caughey AB, et al. Screeningfor bacterial vaginosis in pregnant personsto prevent preterm delivery: US PreventiveServices Task Force recommendation statement.JAMA 2020;323:1286-1292. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.2684.

  11. Zapata-Martínez JF, Pérez-Muñoz A, Tirado-Otálvaro AF, González JD, Velásquez-Vergara SM. Factores de riesgo asociadosa infecciones vaginales y lesiones escamosasintraepiteliales en estudiantes universitariasde Medellín-Colombia. Enferm Glob2018;17:86-106. https://doi.org/10.6018/eglobal.17.2.275881.

  12. Chawla R, Bhalla P, Chadha S, Grover S, GargS. Comparison of Hay's criteria with Nugent'sscoring system for diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis.Biomed Res Int 2013;2013:365194.https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/365194.

  13. Coudray MS, Madhivanan P. Bacterial vaginosis-A brief synopsis of the literature. Eur J ObstetGynecol Reprod Biol 2020;245:143-148.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2019.12.035.

  14. Nugent RP, Krohn MA, Hillier SL. Reliability ofdiagnosing bacterial vaginosis is improved by astandardized method of gram stain interpretation.J Clin Microbiol 1991;29:297-301. https://doi.org/10.1128/jcm.29.2.297-301.1991.

  15. Donders GG, Vereecken A, Bosmans E, DekeersmaeckerA, Salembier G, Spitz B. Definitionof a type of abnormal vaginal flora thatis distinct from bacterial vaginosis: aerobicvaginitis. BJOG 2002;109:34-43. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.2002.00432.x.

  16. Angel-Muller E, Andrea R, Nuñez-Forero LM,Moyano LF, González P, Osorio E, et al. Prevalenciay factores asociados a sífilis, VIH y vaginosisbacteriana en mujeres con síntomas deinfección vaginal en tres sitios de atención deBogotá, Colombia. Rev Colomb Obstet Ginecol2012;63:14-24. https://doi.org/10.18597/rcog.199.

  17. Khedkar R, Pajai S. Bacterial vaginosis: A comprehensivenarrative on the etiology, clinicalfeatures, and management approach. Cureus2022;14:e31314. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.31314.

  18. Antonucci F, Mirandola W, Fontana C. Comparisonbetween Nugent's and Hay/Isonscoring criteria for the diagnosis of bacterialvaginosis in WASP prepared vaginal samples.Clinical Investigation 2017;07:89-93.https://doi.org/10.4172/Clinical-Investigation.1000116.

  19. Lokken EM, Jisuvei C, Oyaro B, Shafi J,Nyaigero M, Kinuthia J, et al. Nugent score,Amsel's criteria, and a point-of-care rapid testfor diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis: performancein a cohort of Kenyan women. Sex TransmDis 2022;49:e22-e25. https://doi.org/10.1097/olq.0000000000001469.

  20. Ison CA, Hay PE. Validation of a simplified gradingof Gram stained vaginal smears for use ingenitourinary medicine clinics. Sex Transm Infect2002;78:413-415. https://doi.org/10.1136/sti.78.6.413.

  21. Holdcroft AM, Ireland DJ, Payne MS. The vaginalmicrobiome in health and disease-whatrole do common intimate hygiene practicesplay? Microorganisms 2023;11:298. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11020298.

  22. Kalia N, Singh J, Kaur M. Microbiota in vaginalhealth and pathogenesis of recurrent vulvovaginalinfections: a critical review. Ann ClinMicrobiol Antimicrob 2020;19:5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12941-020-0347-4.

  23. Pacha-Herrera D, Vasco G, Cruz-Betancourt C,Galarza JM, Barragán V, Machado A. Vaginalmicrobiota evaluation and Lactobacilli quantificationby qPCR in pregnant and non-pregnantwomen: A pilot study. Front Cell Infect Microbiol2020;10:303. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2020.00303.

  24. Acevedo PA, Estrada KV. Prevalencia de vaginosisbacteriana, vaginitis y las característicasclínicas epidemiológicas en estudiantes en unainstitución educativa en Valledupar-Cesar en elaño 2019. Santander, Colombia: Universidadde Santander; 2020. Acceso 29 de marzo de2023. Disponible en https://repositorio.udes.edu.co/server/api/core/bitstreams/94dca457-9053-4c93-9638-eb4e1a4c8a0f/content.

  25. Gómez-Rodríguez LD, Campo-Urbina ML, Ortega-Ariza N, Bettin-Martínez A, Parody-MuñozA. Prevalencia de agentes microbiológicospotencialmente patógenos en el exudado vaginalde gestantes asintomáticas, Barranquilla,Colombia, 2014-2015. Rev Colomb Obstet Ginecol2019;70:49-56. https://doi.org/10.18597/rcog.3183.

  26. Chávez-Vivas M, García-Blanco L, Sotelo J,Duran K, Ramírez J. Prevalencia de infeccionesvaginales en mujeres embarazadas y noembarazadas en un hospital de Cali, Colombia.Rev Cienc Biomed 2020;9:92-102. https://doi.org/10.32997/rcb-2020-3157.

  27. Freitas AC, Chaban B, Bocking A, Rocco M,Yang S, Hill JE, et al. The vaginal microbiomeof pregnant women is less rich and diverse,with lower prevalence of Mollicutes, comparedto non-pregnant women. Sci Rep 2017;7:9212.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-07790-9.

  28. Matsumoto A, Yamagishi Y, Miyamoto K,Oka K, Takahashi M, Mikamo H. Characterizationof the vaginal microbiota of Japanese women.Anaerobe 2018;54:172-177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anaerobe.2018.10.001.

  29. Peebles K, Velloza J, Balkus JE, McClellandRS, Barnabas RV. High global burdenand costs of bacterial vaginosis: A systematicreview and meta-analysis. Sex Transm Dis2019;46:304-311. https://doi.org/10.1097/olq.0000000000000972.

  30. Javed A, Parvaiz F, Manzoor S. Bacterial vaginosis:An insight into the prevalence, alternativetreatments regimen and it's associated resistancepatterns. Microb Pathog 2019;127:21-30.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2018.11.046.

  31. Serrano MG, Parikh HI, Brooks JP, EdwardsDJ, Arodz TJ, Edupuganti L, et al. Racioethnic diversity in the dynamics of the vaginalmicrobiome during pregnancy. Nat Med2019;25:1001-1011. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-019-0465-8.

  32. Vázquez F, Fernández-Blázquez A, García B.Vaginosis. Microbiota vaginal. Enferm InfeccMicrobiol Clín 2019;37:592-601. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eimc.2018.11.009.

  33. Coleman JS, Gaydos CA. Molecular diagnosisof bacterial vaginosis: An update. J ClinMicrobiol 2018;56:e00342-00318. https://doi.org/10.1128/jcm.00342-18.

  34. Muthusamy S, Varghese J, Raveendran V,Ezilarasan K, Easow JM. Evaluation of interobserverreliability of Nugent score fordiagnosis of bacterial vaginosis. Indian J SexTransm Dis AIDS 2018;39:120-123. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijstd.IJSTD_98_16.

  35. Bhujel R, Mishra SK, Yadav SK, Bista KD, ParajuliK. Comparative study of Amsel's criteriaand Nugent scoring for diagnosis of bacterialvaginosis in a tertiary care hospital, Nepal.BMC Infect Dis 2021;21:825. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-021-06562-1.

  36. Chen X, Lu Y, Chen T, Li R. The female vaginalmicrobiome in health and bacterial vaginosis.Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021;11:631972.https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2021.631972.

  37. Tellapragada C, Eshwara VK, Bhat P, KamathA, Aletty S, Mukhopadhyay C. Screening ofvulvovaginal infections during pregnancy inresource constrained settings: Implicationson preterm delivery. J Infect Public Health2017;10:431-437. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2016.06.003.




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com