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2024, Number 3

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Acta Pediatr Mex 2024; 45 (3)

Clinical and epidemiological profile of children diagnosed with neoplasms of the central nervous system in a high-level hospital

Soto MAV, Martínez SLM, Arboleda RM, Pamplona SAP, Aránzazu CAD

Language: Spanish
References: 30
Page: 199-208
PDF size: 233.28 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Objective: to determine the clinical and epidemiological profile of the pediatric population diagnosed with central nervous system tumors attended in a high complexity hospital in Medellin, Colombia.
Materials and Methods: an observational, descriptive and retrospective study was carried out between January 2015 and December 2020, which included pediatric patients aged 0 to 14 years with a diagnosis of central nervous system tumors. For the analysis of qualitative variables, relative and absolute frequencies were measured, and for quantitative variables, measures of central tendency and interquantile ranges were used as measures of dispersion.
Results: seventy patients with clinical and/or imaging diagnosis of central nervous system tumors were included, with a median age of 9 years (minimum 0 - maximum 14 years). Male sex predominated with 57.1% and 74.3% of the population had urban origin. Regarding the characteristics of the tumor, the most common location was in the posterior fossa with 24.2%, the malignant behavior of the tumor predominated with 62.9% and 55.7% of the tumors were found in the initial stage. 87.1% (61) of the tumors were primary, 5.7% (4) presented metastasis and 20% (14) of the patients had a fatal outcome.
Conclusiones: CNS tumors are a serious oncologic disease, which considerably affects the pediatric population, with a predominance in the male sex. This study has evidenced the clinical and epidemiological profile of 52 children with CNS tumors, where the main symptoms reported at diagnosis were nausea and/or vomiting, followed by motor signs and symptoms. The main histological variant identified was neurofibromatosis type I (non-malignant), followed by medulloblastoma, which is consistent with reports in the literature. These oncologic diseases continue to have a great impact on infant mortality, as shown in several studies and also as found in this research.


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