medigraphic.com
Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública

2024, Number 3

<< Back Next >>

salud publica mex 2024; 66 (3)

Prediabetes, undiagnosed T2D, insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome in Guanajuato, Mexico

Guardado-Mendoza R, Vargas-Ortiz K, Reyes-Escodigo ML, Rodríguez-Cortés R, Evia-Viscarra L

Language: English
References: 46
Page: 288-295
PDF size: 267.94 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Objective. To evaluate the prevalence of prediabetes (PD), undiagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2D), metabolic syndrome (MetS), and insulin resistance (IR) as well as related risk factors in Mexican population from Guanajuato, Mexico. Materials and methods. We performed a cross-sectional study in the Mexican population from León, Guanajuato, Mexico. A clinical and metabolic evaluation was performed with an oral glucose test (OGTT); PD, undiagnosed T2D, MetS, and IR were identified according to international guidelines. Results. Of the 1 470 participants included, 32.9% had PD, 8.4% undiagnosed T2D, 48.1% MetS, and 55.7% IR. Main risk factors associated with T2D and PD were central obesity, overweight, acanthosis nigricans, family history of T2D and age. Conclusions. The prevalence of glucose abnormalities, MetS, and IR are high in the Mexican population, and this is related to the high frequency of multiple risk factors in our population.


REFERENCES

  1. Basto-Abreu AC, López-Olmedo N, Rojas-Martínez R, Aguilar-SalinasCA, De la Cruz-Góngora V, Rivera-Dommarco J, et al. Prevalence of diabetesand glycemic control in Mexico: national results from 2018 and 2020.Salud Publica Mex. 2021;63(6):725-33. https://doi.org/10.21149/12842

  2. Rull JA, Aguilar-Salinas CA, Rojas R, Rios-Torres JM, Gómez-PérezFJ, Olaiz G. Epidemiology of type 2 diabetes in Mexico. Arch Med Res.2005;36(3):188-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arcmed.2005.01.006

  3. Sun H, Saeedi P, Karuranga S, Pinkepank M, Ogurstova K, Duncan BB, etal. IDF Diabetes Atlas: Global, regional and country-level diabetes prevalenceestimates for 2021 and projections for 2045. Diabetes Res ClinPract. 2022;183:109119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2021.109119

  4. Ferrannini E, Gastaldelli A, Iozzo P. Pathophysiology of prediabetes.Med Clin North Am. 2011;95(2):327-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcna.2010.11.005

  5. Ogurtsova K, Guariguata L, Barengo NC, Lopez-Doriga-Ruiz P, SacreW, Karuranga S, et al. IDF diabetes Atlas: Global estimates of undiagnoseddiabetes in adults for 2021. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2022;183:109118.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2021.109118

  6. Urena-Bogarin EL, Martínez-Ramírez HR, Torres-Sánchez JR, Hernández-Herrera A, Cortés-Sanabrina L, Cueto-Mnazano A. Prevalence ofpre-diabetes in young Mexican adults in primary health care. Fam Pract.2015;32(2):159-64. https://doi.org/10.1093/fampra/cmu047

  7. American Diabetes Association Professsional Practice Committee.Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes: Standards of Medical Carein Diabetes-2022. Diabetes Care. 2022;45(suppl 1):S17-38. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc22-S002

  8. Alberti KG, Eckel RH, Groundy SM, Zimmet PZ, Cleeman JI, Donato KA,et al. Harmonizing the metabolic syndrome: a joint interim statement of theInternational Diabetes Federation Task Force on Epidemiology and Prevention;National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; American Heart Association;World Heart Federation; International Atherosclerosis Society; and InternationalAssociation for the Study of Obesity. Circulation. 2009;120(16):1640-5. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192644

  9. Rojas-Martinez R, Aguilar-Salinas CA, Romero-Martínez M, Castro-PorrasL, Gómez-Velasco D, Mehta R. Trends in the prevalence of metabolicsyndrome and its components in Mexican adults, 2006-2018. Salud PublicaMex. 2021;63(6):713-24. https://doi.org/10.21149/12835

  10. Matthews DR, Hosker JP, Rudenski AS, Naylor BA, Treacher DF, TurnerRC. Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta-cellfunction from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man.Diabetologia. 1985;28:412-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00280883

  11. Gayoso-Diz P, Otero-González A, Rodriguez-Alvarez MX, Gude F,García F, De Francisco A, et al. Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) cut-off valuesand the metabolic syndrome in a general adult population: effect of genderand age: EPIRCE cross-sectional study. BMC Endocr Disord. 2013;13.https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6823-13-47

  12. Basto-Abreu A, López-Olmedo N, Rojas-Martínez R, Aguilar-SalinasCA, Moreno-Banda GL, Carnalla M, et al. Prevalencia de prediabetes ydiabetes en México: Ensanut 2022. Salud Publica Mex. 2023;65(suppl1):s163-8. https://doi.org/10.21149/14832

  13. Hauguel-Moreau M, Hergault H, Cazabat L, Pépin M, Beauchet A, AidanV, et al. Prevalence of prediabetes and undiagnosed diabetes in a large urbanmiddle-aged population: the CARVAR 92 cohort. Cardiovasc Diabetol2023;22(31). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-023-01761-3

  14. Lailler G, Piffaretti C, Fuentes S, Nabe HD, Oleko A, Cosson E, et al.Prevalence of prediabetes and undiagnosed type 2 diabetes in France:Results from the national survey ESTEBAN, 2014-2016. Diabetes Res ClinPract. 2020;165:108252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108252

  15. Rosella LC, Lebenbaum M, Fitzpatrick T, Zuk A, Booth GL. Prevalenceof prediabetes and undiagnosed diabetes in Canada (2007-2011) accordingto fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c screening criteria. Diabetes Care.2015;38(7):1299-305 https://doi.org/10.2337/dc14-2474

  16. Mohammad A, Ziyab AH, Mohammad T. Prevalence of prediabetesand undiagnosed diabetes among Kuwaiti adults: a cross-sectional study.Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2021;14:2167-76. https://doi.org/10.2147/DMSO.S296848

  17. Makrilakis K, Kalpourtzi N, Ioannidis I, Iraklianou S, Raptis A, SotiropoulosA, et al. Prevalence of diabetes and pre-diabetes in Greece. Results of the First National Survey of Morbidity and Risk Factors (EMENO)study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2021;172:108646. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108646

  18. Mirahmadizadeh A, Fathalipour M, Mokhtari AM, Zeighami S, HassanipourS, Heiran A. The prevalence of undiagnosed type 2 diabetes andprediabetes in Eastern Mediterranean region (EMRO): A systematic reviewand meta-analysis. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2020;160:107931. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2019.107931

  19. Islam FM, Chakrabarti R, Islam MT, Wahab M, Lamoureux E, FingerRP, et al. Prediabetes, diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes, their riskfactors and association with knowledge of diabetes in rural Bangladesh:The Bangladesh Population-based Diabetes and Eye Study. J Diabetes.

  20. 2016;8(2):260-8. https://doi.org/10.1111/1753-0407.1229420. Rannan-Eliya RP, Wijemunige N, Perera P, Kapuge Y, Gunawardana N,Sigera C, et al. Prevalence of diabetes and pre-diabetes in Sri Lanka: a newglobal hotspot-estimates from the Sri Lanka Health and Ageing Survey2018/2019. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. 2023;11(1):e003160. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjdrc-2022-003160

  21. Aguayo A, Urrutia I, González-Frutos T, Martínez R, Martínez-IndartL, Castaño L, et al. Prevalence of diabetes mellitus and impaired glucosemetabolism in the adult population of the Basque Country, Spain. DiabetMed. 2017;34(5):662-6. https://doi.org/10.1111/dme.13181

  22. Basto-Abreu A, Barrientos-Gutiérrez T, Rojas-Martínez R, Aguilar-Salinas CA, López-Olmedo N, De la Cruz-Góngora V, et al. Prevalence ofdiabetes and poor glycemic control in Mexico: results from Ensanut 2016.Salud Publica Mex. 2020;62(1):50-9. https://doi.org/10.21149/10752

  23. Fisher-Hoch SP, Vatcheva KP, Rahbar MH, McCormick JB. Undiagnoseddiabetes and pre-diabetes in health disparities. PLoS One.2015;10(7):e01331. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0133135

  24. Hellgren M, Hjorleifsdottir-Steiner K, Bennet L. Haemoglobin A1c asa screening tool for type 2 diabetes and prediabetes in populations ofSwedish and Middle-East ancestry. Prim Care Diabetes. 2017;11(4):337-43.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcd.2017.04.008

  25. Thewjitcharoen Y, Elizabeth AJ, Butadej S, Nakasatien S, ChotwanviratP, Wanothayaroj E, et al. Performance of HbA1c versus oral glucosetolerance test (OGTT) as a screening tool to diagnose dysglycemic statusin high-risk Thai patients. BMC Endocr Disord. 2019;19(23). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12902-019-0339-6

  26. Sardu C, D’Onofrio N, Balestrieri ML, Barbieri M, Rizzo MR, MessinaV, et al. Outcomes in patients with hyperglycemia affected by COVID-19:can we do more on glycemic control? Diabetes Care. 2020;43(7):1408-15.https://doi.org/10.2337/dc20-0723

  27. Bello-Chavolla OY, Bahena-López JP, Antonio-Villa NE, Vargas-VázquezA, González-Díaz A, Márquez-Salinas A, et al. Predicting mortality due toSARS-CoV-2: a mechanistic score relating obesity and diabetes to COVID-19 outcomes in Mexico. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2020;105(8):2752-61. https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgaa346

  28. Alegre-Diaz J, Herrington W, López-Cervantes M, Gnatiuc L, Ramirez R,Hill M, et al. Diabetes and cause-specific mortality in Mexico City. N Engl JMed. 2016;375:1961-71. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1605368

  29. Aroda VR, Knowler WC, Crandall JP, Perreault L, Edelstein SL, JeffriesSL, et al. Metformin for diabetes prevention: insights gained from the DiabetesPrevention Program/Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.Diabetologia. 2017;60:1601-11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-017-4361-9

  30. Bello-Chavolla OY, Antonio-Villa NE, Fermín-Martínez CA, Fernández-Chirino L, Vargas-Vázquez A, Ramírez-García D, et al. Diabetes-relatedexcess mortality in Mexico: a comparative analysis of national death registriesbetween 2017-2019 and 2020. Diabetes Care. 2022;45(12):2957-66.https://doi.org/10.2337/dc22-0616

  31. Gong Q, Zhang P, Wang J, Ma J, An Y, Chen Y, et al. Morbidity and mortalityafter lifestyle intervention for people with impaired glucose tolerance:30-year results of the Da Qing Diabetes Prevention Outcome Study.Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2019;7(6):452-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(19)30093-2

  32. Guardado-Mendoza R, García-Magaña MA, Martínez-Navarro LJ,Macías-Cervantes HE, Aguilar-Guerrero R, Suárez-Pérez EL, et al. Effect oflinagliptin plus insulin in comparison to insulin alone on metabolic controland prognosis in hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Sci Rep.2022;12:536. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-04511-1

  33. Guardado-Mendoza R, Salazar-López SS, Álvarez-Canales M, Farfán-Vázquez D, Martínez-López YE, Jiménez-Ceja LM, et al. The combination oflinagliptin, metformin and lifestyle modification to prevent type 2 diabetes(PRELLIM). A randomized clinical trial. Metabolism. 2020;104:154054.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2019.154054

  34. Sandforth A, von Schwartzenberg R, Vazquez-Arreola E, Hanson RL, SancarG, Katzenstein S, et al. Mechanisms of weight loss-induced remission in peoplewith prediabetes: a post-hoc analysis of the randomised, controlled, multicentrePrediabetes Lifestyle Intervention Study (PLIS). Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol.2023;11(11):798-810. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(23)00235-8

  35. Vatcheva KP, Fisher-Hoch SP, Reininger BM, McCormick JB. Sex and agedifferences in prevalence and risk factors for prediabetes in Mexican-Americans. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2020;159:107950. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2019.107950

  36. Moradpour F, Rezei S, Piroozi B, Moradi G, Moradi Y, Piri N, et al.Prevalence of prediabetes, diabetes, diabetes awareness, treatment, and itssocioeconomic inequality in west of Iran. Sci Rep. 2022;12:17892. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-22779-9

  37. Villanueva-Sosa LG, Cordero-Franco HF, Salinas-Martinez AM. Prevalenceof prediabetes based on fasting plasma glucose and glycosylatedhemoglobin in an at-risk Mexican population. Metab Syndr Relat Disord.2015;13(8):352-5. https://doi.org/10.1089/met.2015.0040

  38. Xia M, Liu K, Feng J, Zheng Z, Xie X. Prevalence and risk factors oftype 2 diabetes and prediabetes among 53,288 middle-aged and elderlyadults in China: a cross-sectional study. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes.2021;14:1975-85. https://doi.org/10.2147/DMSO.S305919

  39. Akhtar S, Nasir JA, Ali A, Asghar M, Majeed R, Sarwar A. Prevalence of type-2 diabetes and prediabetes in Malaysia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PLoS One. 2022;17:e0263139. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0263139

  40. Broz J, Malinovská J, Nunes K, Kucera K, Rožeková K, Žejglicová K, etal. Prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes and its risk factors in adultsaged 25-64 in the Czech Republic: A cross-sectional study. Diabetes ResClin Pract. 2020;170:108470. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108470

  41. Guerrero-Romero F, Rodríguez-Morán M, Pérez-Fuentes R, Sánches-Guillén MC, González-Ortiz M, Martínez-Abundis E, et al. Prediabetesand its relationship with obesity in Mexican adults: The Mexican DiabetesPrevention (MexDiab) Study. Metab Syndr Relat Disord. 2008;6(1):15-23.https://doi.org/10.1089/met.2007.0020

  42. Kumar A, Wong R, Ottenbacher KJ, Al Snih S. Prediabetes, undiagnoseddiabetes, and diabetes among Mexican adults: findings from the MexicanHealth and Aging Study. Ann Epidemiol. 2016;26(3):163-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annepidem.2015.12.006

  43. Menon VU, Kumar KV, Gilchrist A, Sugathan TN, Sundaram KR, NairV, et al. Prevalence of known and undetected diabetes and associated riskfactors in central Kerala--ADEPS. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2006;74(3):289-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2006.03.025

  44. Villalpando S, Shamah-Levy T, Rojas R, Aguilar-Salinas CA. Trendsfor type 2 diabetes and other cardiovascular risk factors in Mexicofrom 1993-2006. Salud Publica Mex. 2010;52(suppl 1):S72-9. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0036-36342010000700011

  45. Vilchis-Flores LH, Barajas-Medina GA, Villa-Martínez AK, Salazar-LópezSS, Luna-Patiño GA, Quiroz-Hernández ME, et al. Pancreatic beta-celldysfunction in normoglycemic patients and risk factors. Acta Diabetol.2019;56:1305-14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00592-019-01411-9

  46. Barry E, Roberts S, Oke J, Vijayaraghavan S, Normansell R, GreenhalghT. Efficacy and effectiveness of screen and treat policies in preventionof type 2 diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis of screeningtests and interventions. BMJ. 2017;356:i6538. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.i6538




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com