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2024, Number 2

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rev homeostasis 2024; 6 (2)

Hipoglucemia: prevención de complicaciones sistémicas

Vázquez SJL, Olmos GHM, Bonilla QI

Language: Spanish
References: 30
Page:
PDF size: 286.41 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Severe hypoglycemia is defined as a decrease in blood glucose below 54 mg/dl, which manifests with mental and/or physical dysfunction, requiring the person to seek medical assistance. The pathophysiology includes a series of counter-regulatory responses to the decrease in blood glucose, such as decreased insulin secretion, and the release of glucagon and catecholamines. If these responses are insufficient, cortisol and growth hormone are secreted within hours. However, studies have shown that in people with episodes of severe hypoglycemia, these responses are not recognized by the central nervous system, leading to a drastic drop in glucose levels. This results in the release of lactate and glutamate, which cause neuronal injury. Clinical manifestations can range from nonspecific symptoms like fatigue and confusion to seizures, coma, and/or death. Treatment involves administering glucose or glucagon, and it is crucial that management is optimal, as failure to do so can result in serious complications.


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