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Anales de Otorrinolaringología Mexicana

2024, Number 4

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Otorrinolaringología 2024; 69 (4)

Detection of pilocytic astrocytoma in childhood through audiological symptoms and electrophysiological studies

Méndez RMR, Canales VAM, Arreola MDI, Lino GAL

Language: Spanish
References: 13
Page: 265-271
PDF size: 329.35 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Background: Pilocytic astrocytomas are tumors of the central nervous system that frequently occur in pediatric patients (0 to 14 years). Its growth is slow and produces symptoms depending on its location. The symptoms involved are ataxia, vomiting, headache and moderate to profound sensorineural hearing loss. Unilateral hearing loss occurs in 46% and alterations in brainstem evoked potentials in 90% to 98% of cases. Magnetic resonance imaging usually shows a well-defined cystic mass with an eccentric and enhancing solid nodule. There are few reports in the literature of pilocytic astrocytoma of the cerebellopontine angle.
Clinical case: A 12-year-old female patient, in whom audiometry and brain stem auditory evoked potentials confirmed left superficial sensorineural hearing loss and the presence of elongated latencies that, together with the symptoms expressed by the patient, led to requesting a magnetic resonance study that showed a tumor-like lesion in the cerebellar left hemisphere. Through biopsy analysis, a diagnosis of pilocytic astrocytoma was determined.
Conclusions: In all cases of hearing loss in pediatric patients, it is essential to conduct direct questioning when possible.


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