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2025, Number 1

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Rev Fac Med UNAM 2025; 68 (1)

Atypical Localization of Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma in the Sellar Region. Case Report and Literature Review

Wong PAML, Vázquez NJR

Language: Spanish
References: 6
Page: 34-37
PDF size: 157.12 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) –non- Hodgkin– originates in the brain, eye, leptomeninges, or spinal cord without evidence of systemic lymphoma at the time of diagnosis. PCNSL is considered a rare malignant neoplasm, comprising 0.85% to 2% of all primary brain tumors, most commonly located in the periventricular region of the lateral ventricles; the majority are supratentorial in 50% to 70% of cases. The most common histopathological subtypes observed in the central nervous system are large B-cell lymphomas. For a definitive diagnosis, a biopsy is necessary to obtain histopathological and immunohistochemical confirmation, enabling the selection of specific treatment. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy are used as the primary treatments, with relapse occurring in 15% to 20% of cases within the first year and an overall 5-year survival rate from diagnosis, as neurosurgical treatment is often not feasible due to the lymphoma’s location. A case is presented of a 55-year-old male patient who suddenly developed complete paralysis of the right third cranial nerve and peripheral vision disturbances. A diagnostic protocol was initiated, and due to brain MRI and clinical characteristics, the case was managed as a pituitary macroadenoma. The lesion was excised via an endoscopic transsphenoidal approach.


REFERENCES

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