medigraphic.com
Órgano Oficial del Hospital Angeles Health System

2025, Number 2

<< Back Next >>

Acta Med 2025; 23 (2)

Septic arthritis: pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment and prevention in the current context

Palmero PJ, Lassard RJ, López VV, Blanco PA

Language: Spanish
References: 29
Page: 148-153
PDF size: 193.92 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Introduction: septic arthritis is a pathology characterized by inflammation of the joints by an infectious agent, commonly bacterial, but also existing viral, mycotic, mycobacterial, and other etiologies. Objective: to describe the etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and current treatment of septic arthritis. Material and methods: a search was carried out in the EBSCO and PubMed databases. The search terms were septic arthritis, diagnosis, treatment, and infection. A total of 352 articles were found. After submitting these texts to the selection criteria, 29 articles were obtained. Results: bacterial virulence and host immune response play an essential role in its pathophysiology, with the hematogenous route being the leading cause of the pathology. The most affected age groups are children under five years old and those over 80. Its diagnosis is first of all clinical, through a clinical history and an adequate physical examination, and the use of paraclinical studies to diagnose the pathology is essential. Treatment should be based on intravenous antibiotic therapy and synovial fluid drainage. Conclusions: due to its incidence, rapid presentation, and complications, an established strategic plan should be developed for its prompt diagnosis and treatment.


REFERENCES

  1. Sharoff L, Bowditch M, Morgan-Jones R. Management of septic arthritis and prosthetic joint infection. Br J Hosp Med (Lond). 2024; 85 (1): 1-9.

  2. Benito N, Martínez-Pastor JC, Lora-Tamayo J, Ariza J, Baeza J, Belzunegui-Otano J et al. Executive summary: guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of septic arthritis in adults and children, developed by the GEIO (SEIMC), SEIP and SECOT. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin (Engl Ed). 2024; 42 (4): 208-214.

  3. Singh JA, Yu S. The burden of septic arthritis on the U.S. inpatient care: a national study. PLoS One. 2017; 12 (8): e0182577.

  4. Margaryan D, Renz N, Gwinner C, Trampuz A. Septische Arthritis des nativen Gelenkes und nach Bandplastik: Diagnostik und Behandlung [Septic arthritis of the native joint and after ligamentoplasty: Diagnosis and treatment]. Orthopade. 2020; 49 (8): 660-668. German.

  5. Gottlieb M, Holladay D, Rice M. Current approach to the evaluation and management of septic arthritis. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2019; 35 (7): 509-513.

  6. Dias FA, Spagnol G, Alves Maciel F, Monteiro Pinotti M, De Freitas RR. Septic arthritis of the temporomandibular joint: case series and literature review. Cranio. 2021; 39 (6): 541-548.

  7. D'Angelo F, Monestier L, Zagra L. Active septic arthritis of the hip in adults: what's new in the treatment? A systematic review. EFORT Open Rev. 2021; 6 (3): 164-172.

  8. Hachem A, Copley L. What's new in pediatric septic arthritis? A review of pertinent clinical questions. J Pediatr Orthop. 2023; 43 (9): 578-583.

  9. Alamlih L, Al-Karaja L, Alayaseh M, Abunejma F, Al-Zeer Z, Sultan B. Familial mediterranean fever with pseudo-septic arthritis: a case report and review of the literature. Mod Rheumatol Case Rep. 2023; 7 (1): 252-256.

  10. Brown D, Sheffer B. Pediatric septic arthritis: an update. Orthop Clin North Am. 2019; 50 (4): 461-470.

  11. Lipatov KV, Asatryan A, Melkonyan G, Kazantcev A, Solov'eva E, Cherkasov U. Septic arthritis of the hand: current issues of etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment. World J Orthop. 2022; 13 (7): 622-630.

  12. Fukayama H, Myojin S, Funaki T, Fukuda Y, Nakamura T, Ishiguro A et al. Septic arthritis caused by Haemophilus parainfluenzae: a pediatric case report and literature review. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2023; 42 (9): e336-e340.

  13. Lamou H, Kim S, Kuchenbuch C, Thelen S, Eisenschenk A, Hakimi M. Gelenkinfektionen an hand und handgelenk [Septic arthritis of the hand and wrist]. Handchir Mikrochir Plast Chir. 2021; 53 (3): 290-295.

  14. Abdelmalek A, Haines S, Tadros B, Evans J, Judge A. Re-operation rates of arthroscopic management versus arthrotomy in treatment of septic arthritis of native shoulder joint in adults. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol. 2023; 33 (7): 2717-2727.

  15. Gamalero L, Ferrara G, Giani T, Cimaz R. Acute arthritis in children: how to discern between septic and non-septic arthritis? Children (Basel). 2021; 8 (10): 912.

  16. Cimé-Aké E, Carranza-Enríquez F, Hurtado-Arias JJ, Muñoz-Castañeda WRA, Medina-Fonseca B, Barrera-Vargas A et al. Primary meningococcal septic arthritis associated with joint calcium oxalate crystals: a case report and review of the literature. Mod Rheumatol Case Rep. 2022; 6 (2): 296-300.

  17. Jovanovic M, Milosavljevic M, Zdravkovic D, Zivic M, Velickovic S, Jankovic S. Septic arthritis of the temporomandibular joint in adults: Systematic review. J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2022; 123 (4): 465-472.

  18. Chen Y, Huang Z, Fang X, Li W, Yang B, Zhang W. Diagnosis and treatment of mycoplasmal septic arthritis: a systematic review. Int Orthop. 2020; 44 (2): 199-213.

  19. Chan BY, Crawford AM, Kobes PH, Allen H, Leake RL, Hanrahan CJ et al. Septic arthritis: an evidence-based review of diagnosis and image-guided aspiration. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2020; 215 (3): 568-581.

  20. Zaki I, Morrison WB. Osteomyelitis and septic arthritis of the foot and ankle: imaging update. Foot Ankle Clin. 2023; 28 (3): 589-602.

  21. Balato G, de Matteo V, Ascione T, de Giovanni R, Marano E, Rizzo M et al. Management of septic arthritis of the hip joint in adults. A systematic review of the literature. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2021; 22 (Suppl 2): 1006.

  22. Ben-Zvi L, Sebag D, Izhaki G, Katz E, Bernfeld B. Diagnosis and management of infectious arthritis in children. Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2019; 21 (7): 23.

  23. Acosta-Olivo C, Vilchez-Cavazos F, Blázquez-Saldaña J, Villarreal-Villarreal G, Peña-Martínez V, Simental-Mendía M. Comparison of open arthrotomy versus arthroscopic surgery for the treatment of septic arthritis in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Orthop. 2021; 45 (8): 1947-1959.

  24. Yoon J, Efendy J, Redmond MJ. Septic arthritis of the lumbar facet joint. Case and literature review. J Clin Neurosci. 2020; 71: 299-303.

  25. Wang J, Wang L. Novel therapeutic interventions towards improved management of septic arthritis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2021; 22 (1): 530.

  26. Adeboye T, Giwa L, Jemec B. Managing small joint septic arthritis of the hand. J Hand Surg Asian Pac Vol. 2023; 28 (5): 530-538.

  27. Solow M, Sarraj M, Johal H, Al-Asiri J. A case report of pneumococcal septic arthritis following a respiratory and gastrointestinal prodrome with accompanying literature review. J Foot Ankle Surg. 2019; 58 (6): 1293-1297.

  28. Cabet S, Perge K, Ouziel A, Lacalm A, Vandergugten S, Guibaud L et al. Septic arthritis of facet joint in children: a systematic review and a 10-year consecutive case series. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2021; 40 (5): 411-417.

  29. Longo B, Fazio C, Meini S, Neri A, Andreoli E, Vacca P et al. Primary septic arthritis of the knee caused by Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B in an elderly patient. Case report and review of the literature. Infection. 2023; 51 (2): 499-506.




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com