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Órgano Oficial de la Sociedad
Latinoamericana de lnfectología Pediátrica.
Órgano de la Asociación Mexicana de
Infectología Pediátrica, A.C.
Órgano difusor de la Sociedad Española
de lnfectología

2025, Number 1

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Rev Latin Infect Pediatr 2025; 38 (1)

Human metapneumovirus: an underrecognized pediatric respiratory pathogen

Narro FME, Copado JL, Hernández PM

Language: Spanish
References: 32
Page: 11-18
PDF size: 231.47 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Human metapneumovirus (hMPV), first identified in 2001, has emerged as a significant respiratory pathogen, particularly in the pediatric population. Although serological data suggest its circulation since 1958, hMPV remains underdiagnosed and often mistaken for other viral agents. It accounts for 5-15% of hospitalizations due to acute respiratory infections in children and is considered a major cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia, especially in infants under one year of age. hMPV belongs to the Pneumoviridae family and exhibits two main genetic lineages subdivided into five genotypes. Its pathogenesis involves epithelial damage, immune evasion through PD-1/PD-L1 upregulation, and a transient protective immune response, facilitating reinfection. The virus shows seasonal circulation patterns similar to influenza and RSV, peaking in late winter and early spring. Despite the high disease burden, there is no approved antiviral treatment or vaccine. Management remains supportive, and molecular testing (RT-PCR) is essential for accurate diagnosis. Promising research on monoclonal antibodies and mRNA-based vaccines is ongoing. The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the role of "immune debt" in viral resurgence, including hMPV. Improved diagnostics and preventive strategies are urgently needed to address the significant morbidity and mortality associated with hMPV in vulnerable pediatric populations.


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