Ortiz IFJ, Aguilar GNE, Otero MFJ, Cárdenas MI, Castellanos GCH, Echaniz AG, Gómez TV, Cristerna TGH, Juárez PDJ, Linares LKA, Monroy CVA, Ortiz CB, Solorzano SF, Vargas VTM, Vidal VRP, Villanueva GI, González SN

Language: Spanish
References: 91
Page: s5-28
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ABSTRACT

Introduction: the pandemic and Non-Pharmacological Interventions (NPIs) resulted in an "immune debt" and a drop in vaccination coverage. These factors led to a resurgence and atypical behavior of pathogens, significantly increasing the burden of disease in children. Objective: to generate and disseminate updated scientific knowledge on the epidemiological and etiological behavior, as well as the diagnostic, treatment, and immunoprevention strategies for Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) in the Mexican pediatric population during the post-COVID-19 pandemic period. Material and methods: an academic consensus model by the AMIP was used. The methodology included a selective literature search (January 2020 to June 2025) and expert opinion. Recommendations were based on the modified GRADE synthesis table, reviewing the behavior of S. pneumoniae, M. pneumoniae, RSV, B. pertussis, and other viruses. Results: a global and atypical resurgence of pathogens was confirmed. Invasive Pneumococcal Disease resurged with a predominance of non-vaccine serotypes. M. pneumoniae pneumonia presented with increasing macrolide resistance. RSV altered its seasonality, and severe disease shifted to older children. Pertussis (B. pertussis) had a severe resurgence, with high case fatality in unvaccinated infants in Mexico. Diagnosis improved thanks to the use of multiplex PCR panels. Conclusions and recommendations (AMIP): the AMIP recommends: 1) Implementing active serotype surveillance and transitioning to the PCV20 vaccine. 2) Urgently reinforcing vaccination (including Tdap for pregnant women and the influenza vaccine). 3) Establishing an RSV immunoprevention program (maternal vaccination and monoclonal antibodies). 4) Guaranteeing the vaccine supply and strengthening diagnostic centers with high technology (multiplex PCR, MALDI-TOF MS, NGS). 5) Strengthening social communication against misinformation to increase confidence in vaccination.

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