medigraphic.com
ISSN 1560-4381 (Print)

2023, Number 1

<< Back Next >>

Correo Científico Médico 2023; 27 (1)

Prevalence of myocarditis and pericarditis after SARS-CoV-2 infection

Martínez AEA, Torres BKR, Andrade TAM, Chichande VRF, Vera TYJ

Language: Spanish
References: 43
Page:
PDF size: 538.87 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Introduction: The fear that SARS-CoV-2 causes greater myocardial damage than other conventional viruses is based on its infection mechanism through the angiotensin- converting enzyme 2 receptor and inborn antiviral defenses.
Objectives: To carry out the diagnostic and pathophysiological update of patients with myocarditis and pericarditis as a consequence of COVID-19.
Method: A review of the literature was carried out from February to November 2022. PubMed, EBSCO, Clinicalkey, Scopus, and HighWire databases were consulted in search for articles published on the subject of study.
Development: Patients have a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations, including myocarditis and pericarditis with troponin elevation or cardiac imaging abnormalities. The pathogenesis of myocardial or pericardial involvement is unclear, but the two main theories envisage a direct role of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, which functions as the viral receptor, and a hyperimmune response, which may also lead to an isolated presentation.
Conclusions: Pericardial and myocardial involvement with hemodynamic stability is frequent and is associated with specific immune cell profiles. It is clear that infection by this virus is associated with elevated troponins and peri-myocardial damage, which has been corroborated by clinical, echocardiographic and cardiac magnetic resonance findings, conferring a worse prognosis. The pathophysiology of inflammation and myocardial damage associated with COVID 19 is not yet elucidated.


REFERENCES

  1. Chakraborty C, Sharma AR, Sharma G, Bhattacharya M, Lee SS. SARS-CoV-2 causing pneumonia-associated respiratory disorder (COVID-19): Diagnostic and proposed therapeutic options. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2020 [citado 20/07/2022];24(7)4016-4026. Disponible en: https://www.europeanreview.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/4016-4026.pdf

  2. Atri D, Siddiqi HK, Lang JP, Nauffal V, Morrow DA, Bohula EA. COVID-19 for the Cardiologist: Basic Virology, Epidemiology, Cardiac Manifestations, and Potential Therapeutic Strategies. JACC Basic Transl Sci. 2020 [citado 10/08/2022];5(5):518-536. Disponible en:https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2452302X20301571?via%3Dihub

  3. Long B, Brady WJ, Koyfman A, Gottlieb M. Cardiovascular complications in COVID-19. Am J Emerg Med. 2020 [citado 17/06/2022];38(7):1504-1507. Disponible en:https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0735675720302771?via%3Dihub

  4. Wu L, O’Kane AM, Peng H, Bi Y, Motriuk-Smith D, Ren J. SARS-CoV-2 and cardiovascular complications: From molecular mechanisms to pharmaceutical management. Biochem Pharmacol. 2020 [citado 15/09/2022];178:114114. Disponible en:https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006295220303506?via%3Dihub

  5. González Calle D, Eiros R, Sánchez PL. Corazón y SARS-CoV-2. Med Clin. 2022[citado 20/12/2022];159(9):440-446. Disponible en:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9562083/

  6. Imazio M, Gaita F, LeWinter M. Evaluation and Treatment of Pericarditis: A Systematic Review. JAMA. 2015[citado 20/12/2022];314(14):1498-1506. Disponible en:https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2456172

  7. Adler Y, Charron P, Imazio M, Badano L, Barón Esquivias G, Bogaert J, et al. 2015 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of pericardial diseases: The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Management of Pericardial Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Endorsed by: The European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS). Eur Heart J. 2015 [citado 02/08/2022];36(42):2921-2964. Disponible en:https://academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article/36/42/2921/2293375

  8. Sagar S, Liu PP, Cooper LT. Myocarditis. Lancet. 2012 [citado 26/06/2022];379(9817):738-747. Disponible en:https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S014067361160648X?via%3Dihub

  9. Tung Chen Y. Acute pericarditis due to COVID-19 infection: An underdiagnosed disease? Med Clin (Engl Ed).2020 [citado 25/09/2022];155(1):44-45. Disponible en:https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0025775320302578?via%3Dihub

  10. Zehra Naqvi SG , Naseeb U, Fatima K, Riffat S, Gul Memon A. Acute Pericarditis and Pericardial Effusion in a Hypertensive COVID-19 Patient. Cureus. 2020 [citado 08/08/2022];12(9):e10705. Disponible en:https://www.cureus.com/articles/41502-acute-pericarditis-and-pericardial-effusion-in-a-hypertensive-covid-19-patient#!/

  11. Kumar R, Kumar J, Daly C, Edroos SA. Acute pericarditis as a primary presentation of COVID-19. BMJ Case Rep. 2020 [citado 08/08/2022];13(8):e237617. Disponible en:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7437700/

  12. Tufo Pereyra A, Scatularo CE, Cardone F, Grancelli H. Pericarditis por SARS-CoV-2: informe de caso.Arch Cardiol Mex. 2021 [citado 17/08/2022];91(Supl):140-142. Disponible en:https://www.archivoscardiologia.com/frame_esp.php?id=455

  13. Lala A, Johnson KW, Januzzi JL, Russak AJ, Paranjpe I, Richter F, et al. Prevalence and impact of myocardial injury in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 infection. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020 [citado 25/09/2022];76:533-546. Disponible en:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2020.06.007

  14. Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, Fan G, Liu Y, Liu Z, et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult in patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet.2020 [citado 05/10/2022];395(10229):1054-1062. Disponible en:https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673620305663?via%3Dihub

  15. Rajpal S, Tong MS, Borchers J, Zareba KM, Obarski TP, Simonetti OP, et al. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance findings in competitive athletes recovering from COVID-19 infection. JAMA Cardiol. 2021 [citado 30/09/2022];6(1):116-118. Disponible en:https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamacardiology/fullarticle/2770645

  16. Puntmann VO, Carerj ML, Wieters I, Fahim M, Arendt C, Hoffmann J, et al. Outcomes of cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging in patients recently recovered from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). JAMA Cardiol 2020 [citado 02/09/2022];5(11):1265-1273. Disponible en: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamacardiology/fullarticle/2768916

  17. Kawakami R, Sakamoto A, Kawai K, Gianatti A, Pellegrini D, Nasr A, et al. Pathological evidence for SARS-CoV-2 as a cause of myocarditis: JACC review topic of the week. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2021[citado 10/07/2022];77(3):314-325.Disponible en:https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0735109720378955?via%3Dihub

  18. Shafiabadi Hassani N, Talakoob H, Karim H, Mozafari Bazargany MH, Rastad H. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging findings in 2954 COVID-19 adult survivors: A comprehensive systematic review. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2022 [citado 18/08/2022];55(3):866-880. Disponible en: http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0025-7753(22)00356-6/sbref0435

  19. Castiello T, Georgiopoulos G, Finocchiaro G, Claudia M, Gianatti A, Delialis D, et al. COVID-19 and myocarditis: A systematic review and overview of current challenges. Heart Fail Rev. 2022 [citado 02/08/2022];27(1):251-261. Disponible en:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7988375/

  20. Chimenti C, et al. Prevalence and Clinical Implications of COVID-19 Myocarditis. Card Electrophysiol Clin. 2022 [citado 23/09/2022];14(1):53–62. Disponible en:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8576114/

  21. Eiros R, Barreiro Pérez M, Martín García A, Almeida J, Villacorta E, Pérez Pons A, et al. Pericardial and myocardial involvement after SARS-CoV-2 infection: A cross-sectional descriptive study in healthcare workers. Rev Esp Cardiol. 2022 [citado 10/08/2022];75(9):734-746. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8570413/pdf/main.pdf

  22. Clemente Herrera A, Sánchez De la Torre EJ, Enríquez Contreras JM. Manifestaciones cardiológicas en pacientes con COVID-19. Med Int Méx. 2020 [citado 08/08/2022];36(3):357-364. Disponible en: https://medicinainterna.org.mx/article/manifestaciones-cardiologicas-en-pacientes-con-covid-19/

  23. Madjid M, Safavi Naeini P, Solomon SD, Vardeny O. Potential effects of coronaviruses on the cardiovascular system: A review. JAMA Cardiol. 2020 [citado 11/10/2022];5(7):831-840. Disponible en: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamacardiology/fullarticle/2763846

  24. Centros para el Control y Prevención de Enfermedades (CDC), Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos. Hoja informativa. Información básica sobre el SARS. Atlanta, Estados Unidos: CDC; 2004. [citado 09/09/2022]. Disponible en: https://www.cdc.gov/sars/about/fs-SARS-sp.pdf

  25. Celly Trujillo AI, Villamil Jiménez LC. Estudio retrospectivo del nuevo coronavirus MERS-COV 2012-2013. Rev Lasallista Investig. 2014 [citado 14/07/2022];11(2):71-77. Disponible en: http://www.scielo.org.co/pdf/rlsi/v11n2/v11n2a09.pdf

  26. Agdamag AC, Edmiston JB, Charpentier V, Chowdhury M, Fraser M, Maharaj VR, et al. Update on COVID-19 myocarditis. Medicina.2020 [citado 07/11/2022];56(12):678. Disponible en: https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/56/12/678

  27. Siripanthong B, Nazarian S, Muser D, Deo R, Santangeli P, Khanji MY, et al. Recognizing COVID-19-related myocarditis: The possible pathophysiology and proposed guideline for diagnosis and management. Heart Rhythm. 2020 [citado 17/08/2022];17(9):1463-1471. Disponible en:https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1547527120304227?via%3Dihub

  28. Kang Y, Chen T, Mui D, Ferrari V, Jagasia D, Scherrer Crosbie M, et al. Cardiovascular manifestations and treatment considerations in COVID-19. Heart. 2020 [citado 28/10/2022];106(15):1132-1141. Disponible en:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7211105/

  29. Cheng R, Leedy D. COVID-19 and acute myocardial injury: the heart of the matter or an innocent bystander?.Heart.2020 [citado 08/08/2022];106(15):1122-1124.Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7211096/

  30. Ozieranski K, Tyminska A, Jonik S, Marcolongo R, Baritussio A, Grabowski M, et al. Clinically suspected myocarditis in the course of severe acute respiratory syndrome novel coronavirus-2 infection: Fact or fiction?. J Card Fail. 2021 [citado 09/07/2022];27(1):92-96. Disponible en:https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1071916420315037?via%3Dihub

  31. Ortiz Martínez Y, Cabeza Ruiz LD, Vásquez Lozano SH, Villamil Gómez WE, Rodríguez Morales AJ. Pericarditis in a young internal medicine resident with COVID-19 in Colombia. Travel Med Infect Dis. 2020 [citado 08/10/2022];37:101863.Disponible en:https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1477893920303598?via%3Dihub

  32. Sollie ZW, Vallepu SR, Jagadeesan CT, White LC, Nagalapuram V, Challenges in Managing Pericardial Disease Related to Post Viral Syndrome After COVID-19 Infection. Cureus. 2021 [citado 08/09/2022];13(2):e13461. Disponible en:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7984891/

  33. Asif T, Kassab K, Iskander F, Alyousef T. Acute Pericarditis and Cardiac Tamponade in a Patient with COVID-19: A Therapeutic Challenge. Eur J Case Rep Intern Med. 2020 [citado 18/08/2022];7(6):001701. Disponible en:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7279897/

  34. Hua A, O’Gallagher K, Sado D, Byrne J. Life-threatening cardiac tamponade complicating myo-pericarditis in COVID-19. Eur Heart J. 2020 [citado 03/11/2022];41(22):2130. Disponible en:https://academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article/41/22/2130/5813280

  35. Dalen H, Holte E, Ulstein Guldal A, Hegvik JA, Haakon Stensaeth K, Tjellaug Braaten A, et al. Acute perimyocarditis with cardiac tamponade in COVID-19 infection without respiratory disease. BMJ Case Rep. 2020 [citado 10/10/2022];13(8):236218. Disponible en:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7440216/

  36. Fox K, Prokup JA, Butson K, Jordan K. Acute Effusive Pericarditis: A Late Complication of COVID-19. Cureus. 2020 [citado 08/08/2022];12(7):e9074. Disponible en:https://www.cureus.com/articles/35443-acute-effusive-pericarditis-a-late-complication-of-covid-19#!/

  37. Raymond TT, Das A, Manzuri S, Ehrett S, Guleserian K, Brenes J. Pediatric COVID-19 and pericarditis presenting with acute pericardial tamponade. World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg. 2020 [citado 19/09/2022];11(6):802-804. Disponible en:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7484599/

  38. Farina A, Uccello G, Spreafico M, Bassanelli G, Savonitto S. SARS-CoV-2 detection in the pericardial fluid of a patient with cardiac tamponade. Eur J Intern Med. 2020 [citado 09/11/2022];76:100-101. Disponible en:https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0953620520301667?via%3Dihub

  39. García Cruz E, Manzur Sandoval D, Lazcano Díaz EA, Soria Castro E, Jiménez Becerra S. Cardiac Tamponade in a Patient With Myocardial Infarction and COVID-19: Electron Microscopy. JACC Case Rep. 2020 [citado 08/07/2022];2(12):2021-2023. Disponible en:https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666084920309736?via%3Dihub

  40. Sollie ZW, Vallepu SR, Tharumia Jagadeesan C, White LC, Nagalapuram V. Challenges in Managing Pericardial Disease Related to Post Viral Syndrome After COVID-19 Infection. Cureus. 2021 [citado 08/09/2022];13(2):e13461. Disponible en:https://www.cureus.com/articles/52307-challenges-in-managing-pericardial-disease-related-to-post-viral-syndrome-after-covid-19-infection#!/

  41. Inciardi R, Lupi L, Zaccone G, Italia L, Raffo M, Tomasoni D. et al. Cardiac involvement in a patient with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). JAMA Cardiol. 2020 [citado 13/08/2022];5(7):819-824. Disponible en:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7364333/

  42. Mahase E. Covid-19: What Is the Evidence for Cloth Masks? BMJ. 2020 [citado 09/09/2022];369:1422. Disponible en:https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamacardiology/fullarticle/2763846

  43. Sala S, Peretto G, Gramegna M, Palmisano A, Villatore A, Vignale D. Acute myocarditis presenting as a reverse Tako-Tsubo syndrome in a patient with SARS-CoV-2 respiratory infection. Eur Heart J. 2020 [citado 08/08/2022];41(19):1861-1862. Disponible en:https://academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article/41/19/1861/5817735




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com