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2025, Number 1

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Arch Inv Mat Inf 2025; 16 (1)

Effect of low birth weight for gestational age on the efficacy of continuous pressure on air pathway in premature newborns: a case-control study

Palacios VYS, López AM, Ruiz JC, Padilla RN

Language: Spanish
References: 15
Page: 19-27
PDF size: 402.55 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Introduction: respiratory distress syndrome is a common cause of neonatal admission to the neonatal intensive care unit. Management of preterm infants includes the early use of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) to reduce ventilator-induced lung injury. Objective: to analyse the effect of low birth weight for gestational age (LBGA) on the efficacy of early CPAP in neonates under 32 weeks' gestation born at the Hospital General León. Material and methods: a retrospective, observational, analytical, cases and controls study was conducted. The sample was 38 neonates with low birth weight and 38 with adecquate birth weigth for gestational age. The case group included all newborns under 32 weeks' gestation who required nasal CPAP support; patients for whom nasal CPAP is contraindicated were excluded. Statistical analysis was performed using χ2 and p values, odds ratios (OR), 95% confidence intervals, and multivariate logistic regression. Results: cases were those with CPAP success, and controls were those with CPAP failure. The sample consisted of 76 neonates, 50% with low birth weight and 50% with adequate weight for gestational age. There was no association between low birth weight for gestational age and CPAP failure; an odds ratio of 1.11 (95% CI, 0.45 to 2.73) was found between low and adequate birth weight for gestational age and CPAP success. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusted for neonatal variables, the adjusted effect of birth weight was OR 1.99 (0.43 to 9.17). Conclusion: low birth weight for gestational age was not related to CPAP success. Other variables such as the administration of lung matures and surfactant administration should be analyzed.


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