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2025, Number 6

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Rev ADM 2025; 82 (6)

Applications of functionalized chitosan in bone regeneration for dentistry: a critical review of its modification with drugs and nanoparticles.

Araujo GJM, Nakagochi CSE, Cruz PG

Language: Spanish
References: 126
Page: 342-354
PDF size: 457.89 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Introduction: bone regeneration remains a major challenge in dentistry, particularly in managing periodontal and alveolar defects. Chitosan-based hydrogels have emerged as promising biomaterials due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and capacity for functionalization with drugs or nanoparticles to enhance osteoinductive properties. This review critically examines recent evidence on modified chitosan hydrogels and their clinical potential. Material and methods: a narrative review of 129 scientific articles from the last ten years was conducted, focusing on studies involving chitosan hydrogel modification with drugs, nanoparticles, or osteoinductive biomolecules. Both in vitro and in vivo research related to dental applications in bone tissue engineering were analyzed. Results: modified chitosan hydrogels improved cell proliferation, osteoblastic differentiation, mineralization, and expression of osteogenic markers. Studies reported enhanced mechanical performance, biocompatibility, and controlled release of bioactive agents. Several animal models demonstrated effective bone regeneration, particularly in periodontal defects. Conclusion: modified chitosan hydrogels show great promise for dental bone regeneration. However, clinical validation is still needed. Future research should focus on smart biomaterials integrated with stem cells and bioactive molecules to advance their translation into routine dental practice.


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