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EDUMECENTRO. Revista Educación Médica del Centro

2025, Number 1

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EduMeCentro 2025; 17 (1)

Interventions to maintain the mental health of healthcare professionals during COVID-19

Alonso CY, Cepero RI, Ramírez CO, Pérez MJM

Language: Spanish
References: 50
Page:
PDF size: 206.62 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic impacted the mental health of healthcare professionals, causing additional feelings of anxiety, depression, distress, and post-traumatic stress.
Objective: To analyse interventions aimed at supporting the mental health of healthcare professionals during the pandemic.
Methods: A systematic literature review was carried out from March to April 2025. Searches were carried out in PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, starting in 2020, with no language restrictions. Descriptors encompassing three concepts were used: COVID-19, healthcare professionals, and mental health support interventions. Randomized trials controlled before-and-after studies, and series studies that investigated the effect of any intervention to support mental health were included. Nineteen articles met the inclusion criteria for the analysis.
Development: Interventions at the individual, group, and institutional levels with a specific impact on mental health variables are reported. Spain was the country with the most publications. The techniques used to develop interventions included cognitive-behavioural therapy, individual therapy, support groups, psychological first aid training programs, mindfulness, and resilience-based interventions.
Conclusions: Since the beginning of the pandemic, interventions with healthcare professionals have proven effective in addressing stress, anxiety, and burnout. These interventions were consistent and beneficial for those involved and fostered social support among team members.


REFERENCES

  1. Amador Castilla LM, Camacho Tapia JJ, Romero Barrionuevo ME. Impacto de la COVID-19en la salud mental de médicos y enfermeros en Europa: una revisión de la literaturaactualizada AMU [Internet]. 2021 [citado 09/04/2025];3(1):[aprox. 8 p.]. Disponible en:https://digibug.ugr.es/bitstream/handle/10481/69178/ES.%20Impacto%20de%20la%20COVID-19%20en%20la%20salud%20mental%20de%20médicos.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

  2. Caldichoury N, García Roncallo P, Saldías C, Zurita B, Castellanos C, Herrera Pino J, et al.Impacto psicológico del COVID-19 en los trabajadores sanitarios durante el segundo año depandemia en Latinoamérica: estudio de encuesta transversal. Rev Colomb Psiquiatr[Internet]. 2023 [citado 09/04/2025];30(30):[aprox. 11 p.]. Disponible en:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10103623/pdf/main.pdf

  3. Alonso Cruz Y, Cepero Rodríguez I, Alba Pérez L, Pérez de la Cruz, V, Escobedo SánchezL. Síntomas afectivos en profesionales que laboran en la atención a casos positivos deCOVID-19. MediSur [Internet]. 2021 [citado 12/04/2025];19(4):[aprox. 8 p.]. Disponibleen: http://scielo.sld.cu/pdf/ms/v19n4/1727-897X-ms-19-04-564.pdf

  4. Christodoulou N. Disaster Psychiatry: An urgent field in psychiatry posing a pertinentquestion. Psychiatriki [Internet]. 2024 [citado 09/04/2025];35(4):[aprox. 3 p.]. Disponibleen: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39688605/

  5. Robins Browne K, Lewis M, Burchill LJ, Gilbert C, Johnson C, O'Donnell M, et al.Interventions to support the mental health and well-being of front-line healthcare workers inhospitals during pandemics: an evidence review and synthesis. BMJ Open [Internet]. 2022[citado 09/04/2025];12(11):[aprox. 13 p.]. Disponible en:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9644079/pdf/bmjopen-2022-061317.pdf

  6. Albott CS, Wozniak JR, McGlinch BP, Wall MH, Gold BS, Vinogradov S. Battle Buddies:Rapid Deployment of a Psychological Resilience Intervention for Health Care Workers Duringthe COVID-19 Pandemic. Anesth Analg [Internet]. 2020 [citado 09/04/2025];131(1):[aprox.12 p.]. Disponible en: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7199769/

  7. Meredith LS, Ahluwalia S, Chen PG, Dong L, Farmer CM, Bouskill KE, et al. Testing anIntervention to Improve Health Care Worker Well-Being During the COVID-19 Pandemic: ACluster Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open [Internet]. 2024 [citado09/04/2025];7(4):[aprox. 13 p.]. Disponible en:https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2818072

  8. Herraiz Recuenco L, Alonso Martínez L, Hannich Schneider S, Puente Alcaraz J. Causes ofStress among Healthcare Professionals and Successful Hospital Management Approaches toMitigate It during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Environ Res PublicHealth [Internet]. 2022 [citado 09/04/2025];19(19):[aprox. 21 p.]. Disponible en:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9565124/pdf/ijerph-19-12963.pdf

  9. Priede A, López Álvarez I, Carracedo Sanchidrián D, González Blanch C. Mental healthinterventions for healthcare workers during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic in Spain.Rev Psiquiatr Salud Ment [Internet]. 2021 [citado 09/04/2025];14(2):[aprox. 7 p.].Disponible en: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7859719/pdf/main.pdf

  10. Dominguez Rodriguez A, Martínez Arriaga RJ, Herdoiza Arroyo PE, Bautista Valerio E, Dela Rosa Gómez A, Castellanos Vargas RO, et al. Health Psychological Intervention for COVID-19 Healthcare Workers: Protocol for its Implementation and Evaluation. Int J Environ ResPublic Health [Internet]. 2022 [citado 09/04/2025];19(19):[aprox. 20 p.]. Disponible en:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9566813/pdf/ijerph-19-12749.pdf

  11. Viejo Casas A, Gómez Revuelta M, Merino Garay U, Ruiz Guerrero F, Ruiz Núñez M,Fernández Solla P, et al. Long-term mental health impact of COVID-19 on primary carehealth workers in northern Spain: Results from a two-phase longitudinal study. Rev PsiquiatrSalud Ment [Internet]. 2023 [citado 09/04/2025];16:[aprox. 11 p.]. Disponible en:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9827670/pdf/main.pdf

  12. Sánchez Vargas CA. Propuesta de un plan de intervención de mindfulness paratrabajadores sanitarios del servicio de urgencias de un hospital durante la pandemia delcovid 19. Investigación & Cuidados [Internet]. 2021 [citado 03/04/2025];(44/45):[aprox. 5p.]. Disponible en: https://www.bibliotecadigitalcecova.es/abrir/revista-investigacion-ycuidados-no44-45

  13. García Ontiveros Cuellar M, Arbulo Rufrancos B, Mallo Caño M, Mayoral Aragón M, GarcíaRamírez M, Hermosilla M, et al. Intervención en la crisis COVID-19 del equipo de PsicologíaClínica de la Interconsulta del IPS Gregorio Marañón. Clínica Contemporánea [Internet].2020 [citado 09/04/2025];11(3):[aprox. 13 p.]. Disponible en:https://www.revistaclinicacontemporanea.org/archivos/1989_9912_cc_11_3_e22.pdf

  14. Comas Armangué A, Crespo JL. Resiliencia de profesionales sanitarios en la emergenciacovid-19: ejes de intervención. Index Enferm [Internet]. 2021 [citado09/04/2025];30(4):[aprox. 5 p.]. Disponible en:https://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1132-12962021000300004

  15. Fiol de Roque MA, Serrano Ripoll MJ, Mira Martínez S, Pastor Moreno G, Sitges C, GarcíaBuades ME, et al. Process evaluation of PsyCovidApp, a digital tool for mobile devices aimedat protecting the mental health of healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic:a mixed method study. Front Psychol [Internet]. 2024 [citado 06/04/2025];15:[aprox. 11p.]. Disponible en:https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1378372/full

  16. Frigola Capell E, Fabregas L, Juanola M, Soms M, Hernández M, Grau R, et al. Programaintegrado de intervenciones psicológicas de emergencia en sanitarios durante la pandemiade la COVID-19. Estudio cualitativo. Arch Prev Riesgos Labor [Internet]. 2024 [citado 15/04/2025];27(2):[aprox. 16 p.]. Disponible en:https://scielo.isciii.es/pdf/aprl/v27n2/1578-2549-aprl-27-02-157.pdf

  17. Rizzi D, Monaci M, Gambini G, Benzi IMA, Perlini S, De Silvestri A, et al. A LongitudinalRCT on the Effectiveness of a Psychological Intervention for Hospital Healthcare WorkersDuring the COVID-19 Pandemic: What We Learned to Date. J Clin Psychol Med Settings[Internet]. 2025 [citado 15/04/2025];32(1):[aprox. 12 p.]. Disponible en:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11914322/pdf/10880_2023_Article_9988.pdf

  18. Shatri H, Putranto R, Faisal E, Fitrianti F, Adhiatma K, Zulmiyusrini P, et al.Psychotherapy for Healthcare Provider During COVID-19 Pandemic: An Evidence BasedClinical Review. Acta Med Indones [Internet]. 2021 [citado 09/04/2025];53(2):[aprox. 8 p.].Disponible en: https://www.actamedindones.org/index.php/ijim/article/view/1625/pdf

  19. Wang L, Norman I, Xiao T, Li Y, Li X, Liu T, et al. Feasibility and acceptability of aculturally adapted psychological first aid training intervention (Preparing Me) to support themental health and well-being of front-line healthcare workers in China: a feasibilityrandomized controlled trial. Eur J Psychotraumatol [Internet]. 2024 [citado04/04/2025];15(1):[aprox. 19 p.]. Disponible en:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10812857/pdf/ZEPT_15_2299195.pdf

  20. Berkhout SG, Sheehan KA, Abbey SE. Individual- and Institutional-level Concerns ofHealth Care Workers in Canada During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Analysis.JAMA Netw [Internet]. 2021 [citado 04/04/2025];4(7):[aprox. 12 p.]. Disponible en:https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2782415

  21. Landa Ramírez E, Sánchez Cervantes CT, Sánchez Román S, Urdapilleta Herrera E del C,Basulto Montero JL, Ledesma Torres L. Clinical Psychology during COVID-19: Experiencesfrom Six Frontline Hospitals in Mexico. Rev Psicot [Internet]. 2021 [citado09/04/2025];32(120):[aprox. 13 p.]. Disponible en:https://revistas.uned.es/index.php/rdp/article/view/34665/25638

  22. García Aca YE, Tino Parra IA, Fernández Martínez SC, Robledo González M, CabreraChamú ES, Galicia Aguilar YL. Efecto de una Intervención Psicológica en Personal Médico conAnsiedad Post Contingencia. Ciencia Latina [Internet]. 2024 [citado09/04/2025];8(6):[aprox. 17 p.]. Disponible en:https://ciencialatina.org/index.php/cienciala/article/view/15396/21946

  23. Oviedo Lugo GF, Uribe Restrepo JM, Pinto Álvarez M, Patiño Trejos JA, Gómez Chiappe N.Grupos de escucha y apoyo en un hospital universitario como modelo de intervención paraprofesionales de la salud durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Rev Colomb Psiquiatr[Internet]. 2023 [citado 09/04/2025];52(1):[aprox. 8 p.]. Disponible en:https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0034745021001785?via%3Dihub

  24. Gutiérrez Álvarez AK, Pupo Guisado B, Lorenzo Ruiz A, Cruz Almaguer AY. Protocolo parala gestión de la seguridad psicológica del personal de salud en emergencias sanitarias. RevCub Salud Púb [Internet]. 2022 [citado 06/04/2025];48(3):[aprox. 21 p.]. Disponible en:https://www.medigraphic.com/pdfs/revcubsalpub/csp-2022/csp223h.pdf

  25. Selič Zupančič P, Klemenc Ketiš Z, Onuk Tement S. The Impact of PsychologicalInterventions with Elements of Mindfulness on Burnout and Well-Being in HealthcareProfessionals: A Systematic Review. J Multidiscip Healthc [Internet]. 2023 [citado06/04/2025];16:[aprox. 11 p.]. Disponible en:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10317529/pdf/jmdh-16-1821.pdf

  26. Amador Castilla LM, Camacho Tapia JJ, Romero Barrionuevo ME. Impacto de la COVID-19en la salud mental de médicos y enfermeros en Europa: una revisión de la literaturaactualizada AMU [Internet]. 2021 [citado 09/04/2025];3(1):[aprox. 8 p.]. Disponible en:https://digibug.ugr.es/bitstream/handle/10481/69178/ES.%20Impacto%20de%20la%20COVID-19%20en%20la%20salud%20mental%20de%20médicos.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

  27. Caldichoury N, García Roncallo P, Saldías C, Zurita B, Castellanos C, Herrera Pino J, et al.Impacto psicológico del COVID-19 en los trabajadores sanitarios durante el segundo año depandemia en Latinoamérica: estudio de encuesta transversal. Rev Colomb Psiquiatr[Internet]. 2023 [citado 09/04/2025];30(30):[aprox. 11 p.]. Disponible en:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10103623/pdf/main.pdf

  28. Alonso Cruz Y, Cepero Rodríguez I, Alba Pérez L, Pérez de la Cruz, V, Escobedo SánchezL. Síntomas afectivos en profesionales que laboran en la atención a casos positivos deCOVID-19. MediSur [Internet]. 2021 [citado 12/04/2025];19(4):[aprox. 8 p.]. Disponibleen: http://scielo.sld.cu/pdf/ms/v19n4/1727-897X-ms-19-04-564.pdf

  29. Christodoulou N. Disaster Psychiatry: An urgent field in psychiatry posing a pertinentquestion. Psychiatriki [Internet]. 2024 [citado 09/04/2025];35(4):[aprox. 3 p.]. Disponibleen: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39688605/

  30. Robins Browne K, Lewis M, Burchill LJ, Gilbert C, Johnson C, O'Donnell M, et al.Interventions to support the mental health and well-being of front-line healthcare workers inhospitals during pandemics: an evidence review and synthesis. BMJ Open [Internet]. 2022[citado 09/04/2025];12(11):[aprox. 13 p.]. Disponible en:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9644079/pdf/bmjopen-2022-061317.pdf

  31. Albott CS, Wozniak JR, McGlinch BP, Wall MH, Gold BS, Vinogradov S. Battle Buddies:Rapid Deployment of a Psychological Resilience Intervention for Health Care Workers Duringthe COVID-19 Pandemic. Anesth Analg [Internet]. 2020 [citado 09/04/2025];131(1):[aprox.12 p.]. Disponible en: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7199769/

  32. Meredith LS, Ahluwalia S, Chen PG, Dong L, Farmer CM, Bouskill KE, et al. Testing anIntervention to Improve Health Care Worker Well-Being During the COVID-19 Pandemic: ACluster Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open [Internet]. 2024 [citado09/04/2025];7(4):[aprox. 13 p.]. Disponible en:https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2818072

  33. Herraiz Recuenco L, Alonso Martínez L, Hannich Schneider S, Puente Alcaraz J. Causes ofStress among Healthcare Professionals and Successful Hospital Management Approaches toMitigate It during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Environ Res PublicHealth [Internet]. 2022 [citado 09/04/2025];19(19):[aprox. 21 p.]. Disponible en:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9565124/pdf/ijerph-19-12963.pdf

  34. Priede A, López Álvarez I, Carracedo Sanchidrián D, González Blanch C. Mental healthinterventions for healthcare workers during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic in Spain.Rev Psiquiatr Salud Ment [Internet]. 2021 [citado 09/04/2025];14(2):[aprox. 7 p.].Disponible en: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7859719/pdf/main.pdf

  35. Dominguez Rodriguez A, Martínez Arriaga RJ, Herdoiza Arroyo PE, Bautista Valerio E, Dela Rosa Gómez A, Castellanos Vargas RO, et al. Health Psychological Intervention for COVID-19 Healthcare Workers: Protocol for its Implementation and Evaluation. Int J Environ ResPublic Health [Internet]. 2022 [citado 09/04/2025];19(19):[aprox. 20 p.]. Disponible en:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9566813/pdf/ijerph-19-12749.pdf

  36. Viejo Casas A, Gómez Revuelta M, Merino Garay U, Ruiz Guerrero F, Ruiz Núñez M,Fernández Solla P, et al. Long-term mental health impact of COVID-19 on primary carehealth workers in northern Spain: Results from a two-phase longitudinal study. Rev PsiquiatrSalud Ment [Internet]. 2023 [citado 09/04/2025];16:[aprox. 11 p.]. Disponible en:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9827670/pdf/main.pdf

  37. Sánchez Vargas CA. Propuesta de un plan de intervención de mindfulness paratrabajadores sanitarios del servicio de urgencias de un hospital durante la pandemia delcovid 19. Investigación & Cuidados [Internet]. 2021 [citado 03/04/2025];(44/45):[aprox. 5p.]. Disponible en: https://www.bibliotecadigitalcecova.es/abrir/revista-investigacion-ycuidados-no44-45

  38. García Ontiveros Cuellar M, Arbulo Rufrancos B, Mallo Caño M, Mayoral Aragón M, GarcíaRamírez M, Hermosilla M, et al. Intervención en la crisis COVID-19 del equipo de PsicologíaClínica de la Interconsulta del IPS Gregorio Marañón. Clínica Contemporánea [Internet].2020 [citado 09/04/2025];11(3):[aprox. 13 p.]. Disponible en:https://www.revistaclinicacontemporanea.org/archivos/1989_9912_cc_11_3_e22.pdf

  39. Comas Armangué A, Crespo JL. Resiliencia de profesionales sanitarios en la emergenciacovid-19: ejes de intervención. Index Enferm [Internet]. 2021 [citado09/04/2025];30(4):[aprox. 5 p.]. Disponible en:https://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1132-12962021000300004

  40. Fiol de Roque MA, Serrano Ripoll MJ, Mira Martínez S, Pastor Moreno G, Sitges C, GarcíaBuades ME, et al. Process evaluation of PsyCovidApp, a digital tool for mobile devices aimedat protecting the mental health of healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic:a mixed method study. Front Psychol [Internet]. 2024 [citado 06/04/2025];15:[aprox. 11p.]. Disponible en:https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1378372/full

  41. Frigola Capell E, Fabregas L, Juanola M, Soms M, Hernández M, Grau R, et al. Programaintegrado de intervenciones psicológicas de emergencia en sanitarios durante la pandemiade la COVID-19. Estudio cualitativo. Arch Prev Riesgos Labor [Internet]. 2024 [citado 15/04/2025];27(2):[aprox. 16 p.]. Disponible en:https://scielo.isciii.es/pdf/aprl/v27n2/1578-2549-aprl-27-02-157.pdf

  42. Rizzi D, Monaci M, Gambini G, Benzi IMA, Perlini S, De Silvestri A, et al. A LongitudinalRCT on the Effectiveness of a Psychological Intervention for Hospital Healthcare WorkersDuring the COVID-19 Pandemic: What We Learned to Date. J Clin Psychol Med Settings[Internet]. 2025 [citado 15/04/2025];32(1):[aprox. 12 p.]. Disponible en:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11914322/pdf/10880_2023_Article_9988.pdf

  43. Shatri H, Putranto R, Faisal E, Fitrianti F, Adhiatma K, Zulmiyusrini P, et al.Psychotherapy for Healthcare Provider During COVID-19 Pandemic: An Evidence BasedClinical Review. Acta Med Indones [Internet]. 2021 [citado 09/04/2025];53(2):[aprox. 8 p.].Disponible en: https://www.actamedindones.org/index.php/ijim/article/view/1625/pdf

  44. Wang L, Norman I, Xiao T, Li Y, Li X, Liu T, et al. Feasibility and acceptability of aculturally adapted psychological first aid training intervention (Preparing Me) to support themental health and well-being of front-line healthcare workers in China: a feasibilityrandomized controlled trial. Eur J Psychotraumatol [Internet]. 2024 [citado04/04/2025];15(1):[aprox. 19 p.]. Disponible en:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10812857/pdf/ZEPT_15_2299195.pdf

  45. Berkhout SG, Sheehan KA, Abbey SE. Individual- and Institutional-level Concerns ofHealth Care Workers in Canada During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Analysis.JAMA Netw [Internet]. 2021 [citado 04/04/2025];4(7):[aprox. 12 p.]. Disponible en:https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2782415

  46. Landa Ramírez E, Sánchez Cervantes CT, Sánchez Román S, Urdapilleta Herrera E del C,Basulto Montero JL, Ledesma Torres L. Clinical Psychology during COVID-19: Experiencesfrom Six Frontline Hospitals in Mexico. Rev Psicot [Internet]. 2021 [citado09/04/2025];32(120):[aprox. 13 p.]. Disponible en:https://revistas.uned.es/index.php/rdp/article/view/34665/25638

  47. García Aca YE, Tino Parra IA, Fernández Martínez SC, Robledo González M, CabreraChamú ES, Galicia Aguilar YL. Efecto de una Intervención Psicológica en Personal Médico conAnsiedad Post Contingencia. Ciencia Latina [Internet]. 2024 [citado09/04/2025];8(6):[aprox. 17 p.]. Disponible en:https://ciencialatina.org/index.php/cienciala/article/view/15396/21946

  48. Oviedo Lugo GF, Uribe Restrepo JM, Pinto Álvarez M, Patiño Trejos JA, Gómez Chiappe N.Grupos de escucha y apoyo en un hospital universitario como modelo de intervención paraprofesionales de la salud durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Rev Colomb Psiquiatr[Internet]. 2023 [citado 09/04/2025];52(1):[aprox. 8 p.]. Disponible en:https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0034745021001785?via%3Dihub

  49. Gutiérrez Álvarez AK, Pupo Guisado B, Lorenzo Ruiz A, Cruz Almaguer AY. Protocolo parala gestión de la seguridad psicológica del personal de salud en emergencias sanitarias. RevCub Salud Púb [Internet]. 2022 [citado 06/04/2025];48(3):[aprox. 21 p.]. Disponible en:https://www.medigraphic.com/pdfs/revcubsalpub/csp-2022/csp223h.pdf

  50. Selič Zupančič P, Klemenc Ketiš Z, Onuk Tement S. The Impact of PsychologicalInterventions with Elements of Mindfulness on Burnout and Well-Being in HealthcareProfessionals: A Systematic Review. J Multidiscip Healthc [Internet]. 2023 [citado06/04/2025];16:[aprox. 11 p.]. Disponible en:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10317529/pdf/jmdh-16-1821.pdf




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