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Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública

2025, Number 6

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salud publica mex 2025; 67 (6)

Depressive symptoms and the use of nicotine products, cannabis, and alcohol: gender-focused analysis

Arillo-Santillán E, Muñoz-Espinosa A, Rodríguez-Bolaños R, Vidaña-Pérez D, Barrientos-Gutiérrez I, Sánchez-Pájaro A, Thrasher JZ

Language: Spanish
References: 42
Page: 785-794
PDF size: 297.11 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Objective. To analyze the association between depressive symptoms and nicotine, cannabis, and alcohol use in Mexican adults. Materials and methods. Data from adults (20 years of age and older) from the Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2023-2024 survey were analyzed to assess the association between nicotine use (n= 19 679; non-frequent and frequent), cannabis use (n= 16 759; yes or no), excessive alcohol use (n= 19 679; non-use, non-frequent and frequent) and depressive symptomatology (CESD-7 dichotomized; ≥9 o ≥5 points according age). Three separate logistic regression models were estimated, stratifying by sex and adjusting for sociodemographic variables and the complex survey design. Results. Depressive symptomatology was greater in women (20.4%) than in men (10.9%). In adjusted models, frequent nicotine use was associated with depressive symptomatology in both sexes, men (ORadj= 1.73; 95%CI: 1.17,2.56), women (ORadj= 1.72; 95%CI: 1.09,2.72), and non-frequent use only in women (ORadj= 1.82; 95%CI: 1.17,2.83). In women, cannabis use was also associated (ORadj= 2.39; 95%CI: 1.01,5.64). No significant association was identified with excessive alcohol use. Other associated factors in both sexes were old age and low or medium socioeconomic level; furthermore, in men, non-paid domestic work, and in women, being single. Conclusion. Substance use is associated with depressive symptomatology, differentiated by sex.


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