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Órgano Oficial de la Sociedad
Latinoamericana de lnfectología Pediátrica.
Órgano de la Asociación Mexicana de
Infectología Pediátrica, A.C.
Órgano difusor de la Sociedad Española
de lnfectología

2026, Number 1

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Rev Latin Infect Pediatr 2026; 39 (1)

Trends in antimicrobial resistance in bloodstream infections due to ESKAPE pathogens in children: a multicenter controlled study from Mexico

Castillo BJI, Rosales-González SP, Larragoity GEA, Abud GM, Ortiz PLF, Romero FR, Pacheco RDO, Chávez RM, Cantú GSP, Baquera AM, Cisneros CM, Vera DJA, Lugo ODL, Mascareñas SAH, Casilla VNG, Sánchez RHM, Rangel SOA, Peña LCD, Almanza CJL

Language: Spanish
References: 28
Page: 17-26
PDF size: 797.81 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Introduction: bloodstream infections are among the most common life-threatening infections in hospitalized children. The ESKAPE pathogens are a group of bacteria with the ability to evade the bactericidal activity of antimicrobials. These pathogens possess multiple resistance mechanisms which have been associated with high mortality rates and increased hospitalization costs. Objective: analyze trends in antimicrobial resistance in bloodstream infections caused by ESKAPE pathogens in children. Material and methods: a multicentric study conducted in nine Mexican hospitals from 2020 to 2024 included all positive blood cultures from children ≤ 18 years old with ESKAPE microorganisms after 72 hours of hospitalization, excluding polymicrobial infections and duplicates. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested using the MicroSCAN Walkaway system, with Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) interpreted according to updated Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) criteria. A Pearson χ2 Test (p ≤ 0.05) assessed annual differences in proportions of Pseudomonas aeruginosa difficult-to-treat (DTR), Staphylococcus aureus methicillin resistance (MRSA), carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, Vancomycin-resistance Enterococcus faecium (VRE), ceftriaxone resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and E. coli. Results: we identified 4053 cases of bacteremia. Vancomycin-resistant E. faecium accounted for 41.1%, Staphylococcus aureus methicillin resistance comprises 30.9%. Pooled carbapenem-resistance in A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa was 28.8% and 23% respectively. High ceftriaxone resistance was observed in K. pneumoniae (61.9%), E. coli (56.3%), and E. cloacae (28.4%). No significant differences were found. Conclusions: high antimicrobial resistance was documented in all ESKAPE pathogens, with increasing trends throughout the years. Further studies are needed to fully elucidate the problem and track resistance patterns, highlighting the urgent need for action.


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