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Boletín Clínico de la Asociación Médica del Hospital Infantil del Estado de Sonora

2025, Number 2

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Bol Clin Hosp Infant Edo Son 2025; 42 (2)

¿Yellow fever, why get vaccinated?

Vargas-Mosso ME, Fraga-Pérez J, Reyes-Gómez U, Reyes-Hernández KL, Aguilar-Figueroa S, Pérez-Pacheco O, Miranda-González D, Alcázar-Galeana A, Rodríguez-Barragán E, Mendoza OF

Language: Spanish
References: 17
Page: 13-17
PDF size: 427.84 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Yellow fever (YF) is a disease transmitted by mosquitoes to humans through the bites of infected mosquitoes of the Aedes and Haemagogus families. It is an acute viral hemorrhagic disease endemic to tropical areas of Africa and Central and South America. In 2024, cases were reported in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Guyana, and Peru in their Amazonian regions. In 2025, cases were reported in Sao Paulo, Brazil, and Tolima, Colombia, outside the Amazon region, with high mortality rates. All of this raises the alarm that rising global temperatures may cause vectors to spread to other countries. It is called "yellow" because of the yellowish color (jaundice) displayed by some patients. Cases can be difficult to distinguish from other viral hemorrhagic fevers such as arenavirus, hantavirus, or dengue. Currently, there is no specific antiviral drug to treat yellow fever, but targeted care to treat dehydration, liver and kidney failure, and fever improves outcomes; good early supportive care in hospitals improves survival rates. Large yellow fever epidemics occur when infected people introduce the virus into densely populated areas with high mosquito densities and where most people have little or no immunity. Yellow fever is a high-impact, high-threat disease with a risk of international spread, posing a potential threat to global health security. The specific vaccine provides effective immunity within 10 days for 80–100% of vaccinated people, and within 30 days for more than 99% of vaccinated people.


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