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Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública

2003, Number 5

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salud publica mex 2003; 45 (5)

Frequency of antibodies against the hepatitis C virus in patients whith hepatic cirrhosis in Yucatan, México

Góngora-Biachi RA, Castro-Sansores CJ, González-Martínez P, Lara-Perera DM, Garrido-Palma J, Lara-Perera V

Language: English
References: 79
Page: 346-350
PDF size: 83.91 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Objective. To report the prevalence of antibodies against the hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) in a group of patients with hepatic cirrhosis (HC). Material and Methods. A prospective transversal and descriptive study was carried out from March 1998 to May 1999. Study subjects were 153 patients; 117 (76%) male and 36 (24%) female, diagnosed with HC. They were attended at the General Hospital Agustín O’ Horan an at Regional Research Center Doctor Hideyo Noguchi, in Merida, Yucatan, Mexico. A clinical-epidemiologic questionnaire completed by interview was used for data collection. Anti-HCV were detected using a 2nd generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA-2). To confirm diagnosis, a second generation recombining immunoblot assay (RIBA-2) was used. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HbsAg) and antibodies against the hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) were determined using ELISA. The presence of anti-HCV was related to the epidemiologic variables of study subjects. The prevalence of anti-HCV was obtained and the frequency of the characteristics obtained by interview were compared among the positive and negative patients through the X2 test and the Fisher’s exact test, as needed. Results. Among patients with HC (35/117 (30%) male and 14/36 (39%) female), 32 % were positive to anti-HCV. Alcoholism was present in all seroreactive males and absent in all positive females (p‹ 0.001). Data obtained through an interview were not associated with seropositivity. Anti-HBc was found in 16% of patients positive to anti-HCV and in 12% of seronegatives (p=0.69). Conclusions. The prevalence found was greater than previous reports in the general population in the Yucatan Peninsula (1.3%). The high prevalence of anti-HCV in these patients suggests that HC is more frequently associated with HCV in Yucatan, Mexico than hepatitis B. Alcoholism probably acts as a cofactor for the development of HC in males.


REFERENCES

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  3. Choo QL, Kuo G,WeinerAJ, Overby LR, Bradly DW, Hougton M. Isolation of a DNA clone derived from a blood borne non-A non-B viral hepatitis genome. Science 1989;244:359-362.

  4. Pozzato G, Kaneko S, Moretti M, Croce LS, Franzin F, Unoura M. Different genotypes of hepatitis C virus are associated with different severity of chronic liver disease.) Med Virol 1994;43:291-296.

  5. Adinolfi LE, Utili R, Andreana A,Tripodi MF, Rosario P, Mormone G et al. Relationship between genotypes of hepatitis C virus and histopathological manifestations in chronic hepatitis C patients. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2000;12:299-304.

  6. 6.Alberti A, Chemello L, Benvegnd L. Natural history of hepatitis C.J Hepatol 1999;31 (Suppl.1):17-24.

  7. González-Michaca L, Mercado A, Gamba G.Viral C hepatitis in patients with end stage renal disease. II.Viral genotypes. Rev Invest Clin 2000;52:491-496.

  8. Colombo M. Natural history and pathogenesis of hepatitis C virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma.) Hepatol 1999;31 (Suppl.1):25-30.

  9. Kato Y, Hamasaki K,Aritomi T, Nakao K, Nakata K, Eguchi K. Most of the patients with cirrhosis in Japan die from hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Rep 1999;6:1273-1276.

  10. Baffis V, Shrier l, Sherker AH, Szilagyi A. Use of interferon for prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic patients with hepatitis B or C virus infection. Ann Intern Med 1999;131:696-701.

  11. Fattovich G. Progression of hepatitis B and C to hepatocellular carcinoma in Western countries. Hepatogastroenterology 1998;3: 1206-1213.

  12. Góngora-Biachi RA, González-Martínez P, Puerto FI,Yamaguchi K, Nishimura Y, Takatsuky K. Antibodies to hepatitis C virus in people from Yucatan, Mexico. Rev Invest Clin 1992;44:284.

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  14. Center for Disease Control. Recommendations for prevention and control of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and HCV-related chronic disease. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1998;47:10-12.

  15. Rockey DC. Hepatic fibrogenesis and hepatitis C. Semin Gastrointest Dis 2000;11:69-83.

  16. Seeff LB, Miller RN, Rabkin ChS, Buskell-Bales Z, Straley-Eason KD, Smoak BL et al. 45-years follow-up of hepatitis C virus infection in healthy young adults. Ann Intern Med 2000;132:105-111.

  17. Marcellin P, Boyer N, Gervais A, Martinot M, Pouteau M, Castelnau C et al. Long-term histologic improvement and loss of detectable intrahepatic HCV RNA in patients with chronic hepatitis C and sustained response to interferon-alpha therapy.Ann Intern Med 1997;127:875-881.

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  19. Stanta G, Croce LS, Bonin S,Tisminetzky SG, Baralle FE,Tiribelli C. Cohort effect of HCV infection in liver cirrhosis assessed by a 25 year study. J Clin Virol 2000;17:51-56.

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  21. Coursaget P, Simpson B, El Goulli N, Khelifa HB, Kastally R. Hepatitis

  22. C core antibody detection in acute hepatitis and cirrhosis patients from Tunisia. Path Biol 1992;40:646-648.

  23. Barnes RE, Meyer RA, Gordon SC. Prevalence of anti-HCV in cryptogenic cirrhosis in a suburban Detroit community. Am J Gastroenterol 1992;87:1001-1004.

  24. Ayoola EA, al-Mofleh IA, al-Faleh FZ, al-Rashed R, Arif MA, Ramia S. Prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis C virus among Saudi patients with chronic liver disease. Hepatogastroenterology 1992;39:337-339.

  25. Tsai JF, Chang WY,Jeng JE, Ho MS,Wang LY, Hsieh MY et al. Hepatitis C virus infection as a risk factor for non-alcoholic liver cirrhosis in Taiwan. J Med Virol 1993;41:296-300.

  26. Mets T, Smitz J, Ngendahayo P, Sabbe L, Bigilimana I, Ngirabatware B. Hepatitis C virus infection in African patients with liver cirrhosis or primary hepatocellular carcinoma. Scand ) Gastroenterol 1993;28: 331-334.

  27. Rinaldi G, Saccardo F, Petrozzino MR, Bossi E, Manna MR, Monti G. Hepatitis C antibody and cryoglobulins in patients with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Exp Rheumatol 1995;13:5161-S163.

  28. Shah HA,Jafri W, Malik I, Prescott L, Simmonds P. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes and chronic liver disease in Pakistan.J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1997;12:758-761.

  29. Berry N, Chakravarti A, Das U, Kar P, Das BC, Mathur MD. HCV seroreactivity and detection of HCV RNA in cirrhotics. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 1999;35:209-213.

  30. Serfaty L, Chazouilleres O, Poujol-Robert A, Morand-Joubert L, Dubois C, Chretien Y et al. Risk factors for cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection: Results of a case-control study. Hepatology 1997;26:776-779.

  31. Corrao G,Arico S. Independent and combined action of hepatitis C virus infection and alcohol consumption on the risk of symptomatic liver cirrhosis. Hepatology 1998;27:914-919.

  32. Yamauchi M, Nakahara M, Maezawa Y, Satoh S, Nishikawa F, Ohata M et al. Prevalence of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis and prior exposure to hepatitis C.Am J Gastroenterol 1993;88:39-43.

  33. Kwon SY,Ahn MS, Chang HJ. Clinical significance of hepatitis C virus infection to alcoholics with cirrhosis in Korea.J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2000;15:1282-1286.

  34. Hollinger FB. Factors contributing to the evolution and outcome of cirrhosis in hepatitis C. Clin Liver Dis 1999;3:741-755.

  35. Poynnard T, Moussalli J, Ratziu V, Regimbeau C, Opolon P. Effect of interferon therapy on the natural history of hepatitis C virus-related cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Liver Dis 1999;3:869-881.

  36. Schalm SW, Weiland O, Hansen BE, Milella M, Lai MY, Hollander A et al. Interferon-rivabirin for chronic hepatitis C with and without cirrhosis:Analysis of individual patient data of six controlled trials. Eurohep Study Group for Viral Hepatitis. Gastroenterology 1999; 117:408-413.

  37. AjelloA, Freni MA, Spadaro A, Alessi N, Impellizzeri F, Console Pet al. Ten-year follow-up of patients with chronic hepatitis C treated with interferon. Hepatogastroenterology 1999;46:2447-2450.

  38. Heathcote EJ, Shiffman ML, Cooksley GE, Dusheiko GM, Lee SS, Balart L et al. Peginterferon alfa-2a in patients with chronic hepatitis C and cirrhosis. N Engl J Med 2001;343:1673-1680.

  39. International Interferon-a Hepatocellular Carcinoma Study Group. Effect of interferon-a on progression of cirrhosis to hepatocellular carcinoma:A retrospective cohort study. Lancet 1998;351:1535-1539.

  40. Nishiguchi S, Shiomi S, Nakatani S,Takeda T, Fukuda K,Tamori A. Prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic active iepatitis C and cirrhosis. Lancet 2001;357:196-197.

  41. Liang TJ, Rehermann B, Seeff LB, Hoofnagle JH. Pathogenesis, natural history, treatment, and prevention of Hepatitis C. Ann Intern Med 2000;132:296-305.

  42. Amarapurkar D. Natural history of hepatitis C virus infection.) Gastroenterol Hepatol 2000:15(Suppl):105-110.

  43. Choo QL, Kuo G, WeinerA J, Overby LR, Bradly DW, Hougton M. Isolation of a DNA clone derived from a blood borne non-A non-B viral hepatitis genome. Science 1989;244:359-362.

  44. Pozzato G, Kaneko S, Moretti M, Croce LS, Franzin F, Unoura M. Different genotypes of hepatitis C virus are associated with different severity of chronic liver disease.) Med Virol 1994;43:291-296.

  45. Adinolfi LE, Utili R, Andreana A, Tripodi MF, Rosario P, Mormone G et al. Relationship between genotypes of hepatitis C virus and histopathological manifestations in chronic hepatitis C patients. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2000;12:299-304.

  46. 6.Alberti A, Chemello L, Benvegnd L. Natural history of hepatitis C.J Hepatol 1999;31 (Suppl.1):17-24.

  47. González-Michaca L, Mercado A, Gamba G. Viral C hepatitis in patients with end stage renal disease. II. Viral genotypes. Rev Invest Clin 2000;52:491-496.

  48. Colombo M. Natural history and pathogenesis of hepatitis C virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma.) Hepatol 1999;31 (Suppl.1):25-30.

  49. Kato Y, Hamasaki K, Aritomi T, Nakao K, Nakata K, Eguchi K. Most of the patients with cirrhosis in Japan die from hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Rep 1999;6:1273-1276.

  50. Baffis V, Shrier L, Sherker AH, Szilagyi A. Use of interferon for prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic patients with hepatitis B or C virus infection. Ann Intern Med 1999;131:696-701.

  51. Fattovich G. Progression of hepatitis B and C to hepatocellular carcinoma in Western countries. Hepatogastroenterology 1998;3: 1206-1213.

  52. Góngora-Biachi RA, González-Martínez P, Puerto FI, Yamaguchi K, Nishimura Y, Takatsuky K. Antibodies to hepatitis C virus in people from Yucatan, Mexico. Rev Invest Clin 1992;44:284.

  53. Podolsky DK, Isselbacher KJ. Cirrhosis and alcoholic liver disease. En: Fancy AS, Brauwald E, Isselbacher KJ, Wilson JD, Martin JB, Kasper DL, Ed. Harrison's principles of internal medicine. 14th edition. Nueva York (NY): McGraw-Hill; 1998:1704-1710.

  54. Center for Disease Control. Recommendations for prevention and control of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and HCV-related chronic disease. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1998;47:10-12.

  55. Rockey DC. Hepatic fibrogenesis and hepatitis C. Semin Gastrointest Dis 2000;11:69-83.

  56. Seeff LB, Miller RN, Rabkin ChS, Buskell-Bales Z, Straley-Eason KD, Smoak BL et al. 45-years follow-up of hepatitis C virus infection in healthy young adults. Ann Intern Med 2000;132:105-111.

  57. Marcellin P, Boyer N, Gervais A, Martinot M, Pouteau M, Castelnau C et al. Long-term histologic improvement and loss of detectable intrahepatic HCV RNA in patients with chronic hepatitis C and sustained response to interferon-alpha therapy. Ann Intern Med 1997;127:875-881.

  58. Rodger AJ, Thomson JA, Thompson SC, Jolley D, Mijch AM, Lanigan A et al. Assessment of long-term outcomes of hepatitis C virus infection in a cohort of patients with acute hepatitis in 1971-1975: Results of a pilot study. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1999;14:269-273.

  59. Stanta G, Croce LS, Bonin S, Tisminetzky SG, Baralle FE, Tiribelli C. Cohort effect of HCV infection in liver cirrhosis assessed by a 25 year study. J Clin Virol 2000;17:51-56.

  60. Esteban JI, Viladomiu L, González A. Hepatitis C virus antibodies among risk groups in Spain. Lancet 1989;2:294-297,

  61. Coursaget P, Simpson B, El Goulli N, Khelifa HB, Kastally R. Hepatitis C core antibody detection in acute hepatitis and cirrhosis patients from Tunisia. Path Biol 1992;40:646-648.

  62. Barnes RE, Meyer RA, Gordon SC. Prevalence of anti-HCV in cryptogenic cirrhosis in a suburban Detroit community. Am J Gastroenterol 1992;87:1001-1004.

  63. Ayoola EA, al-Mofleh IA, al-Faleh FZ, al-Rashed R, Arif MA, Ramia S. Prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis C virus among Saudi patients with chronic liver disease. Hepatogastroenterology 1992;39:337-339.

  64. Tsai JF, Chang WY, Jeng JE, Ho MS, Wang LY, Hsieh MY et al. Hepatitis C virus infection as a risk factor for non-alcoholic liver cirrhosis in Taiwan. J Med Virol 1993;41:296-300.

  65. Mets T, Smitz J, Ngendahayo P, Sabbe L, Bigilimana I, Ngirabatware B. Hepatitis C virus infection in African patients with liver cirrhosis or primary hepatocellular carcinoma. Scand) Gastroenterol 1993;28: 331-334.

  66. Rinaldi G, Saccardo F, Petrozzino MR, Bossi E, Manna MR, Monti G. Hepatitis C antibody and cryoglobulins in patients with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Exp Rheumatol 1995;13:5161-S163.

  67. Shah HA, Jafri W, Malik I, Prescott L, Simmonds P. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes and chronic liver disease in Pakistan. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1997;12:758-761.

  68. Berry N, Chakravarti A, Das U, Kar P, Das BC, Mathur MD. HCV seroreactivity and detection of HCV RNA in cirrhotics. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 1999;35:209-213.

  69. Serfaty L, Chazouilleres O, Poujol-Robert A, Morand-Joubert L, Dubois C, Chretien Y et al. Risk factors for cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection: Results of a case-control study. Hepatology 1997;26:776-779.

  70. Corrao G, Arico S. Independent and combined action of hepatitis C virus infection and alcohol consumption on the risk of symptomatic liver cirrhosis. Hepatology 1998;27:914-919.

  71. Yamauchi M, Nakahara M, Maezawa Y, Satoh S, Nishikawa F, Ohata M et al. Prevalence of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis and prior exposure to hepatitis C. Am J Gastroenterol 1993;88:39-43.

  72. Kwon SY, Ahn MS, Chang HJ. Clinical significance of hepatitis C virus infection to alcoholics with cirrhosis in Korea. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2000;15:1282-1286.

  73. Hollinger FB. Factors contributing to the evolution and outcome of cirrhosis in hepatitis C. Clin Liver Dis 1999;3:741-755.

  74. Poynnard T, Moussalli J, Ratziu V, Regimbeau C, Opolon P. Effect of interferon therapy on the natural history of hepatitis C virus-related cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Liver Dis 1999;3:869-881.

  75. Schalm SW, Weiland O, Hansen BE, Milella M, Lai MY, Hollander A et al. Interferon-rivabirin for chronic hepatitis C with and without cirrhosis: Analysis of individual patient data of six controlled trials. Eurohep Study Group for Viral Hepatitis. Gastroenterology 1999; 117:408-413.

  76. Ajello A, Freni MA, Spadaro A, Alessi N, Impellizzeri F, Console P et al. Ten-year follow-up of patients with chronic hepatitis C treated with interferon. Hepatogastroenterology 1999;46:2447-2450.

  77. Heathcote EJ, Shiffman ML, Cooksley GE, Dusheiko GM, Lee SS, Balart L et al. Peginterferon alfa-2a in patients with chronic hepatitis C and cirrhosis. N Engl J Med 2001;343:1673-1680.

  78. International Interferon-a Hepatocellular Carcinoma Study Group. Effect of interferon-a on progression of cirrhosis to hepatocellular carcinoma: A retrospective cohort study. Lancet 1998;351:1535-1539.

  79. Nishiguchi S, Shiomi S, Nakatani S, Takeda T, Fukuda K, Tamori A. Prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic active iepatitis C and cirrhosis. Lancet 2001;357:196-197.




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