Prado SA, Camas BJT, Sánchez FRC

Language: Spanish
References: 16
Page: 340-346
PDF size: 577.23 Kb.

ABSTRACT

The visual system provides quantitative and qualitative characterization about form, direction and speed from the outside world by means of radiant rays of electromagnetic light energy made of particles called photons. This light energy rays cross the clear refractive ocular media of the eye and reaches the retina where the energy is transformed into electric impulses by biochemical processes achieved in the visual pigments that implies ionic changes mediated by GMPc and Na+ (hiperpolarization of cones and roots) and creates the photoreceptor membrane potentials called phototransduction, a primary visual phenomenon.
The visual phototransduction biochemical mechanisms are made in order to transform light energy in the retina and transmit it to the brain as a continuous pattern of membrane potentials that generate an object perception in the visual cortex.
The current paper summarizes the retinal photo transduction process as the primary visual sensor perceptive phenomenon

REFERENCES

1. Berman E. Biochemistry of the Eye. En: Berman E. (ed.). Biochemistry of the Eye. Nueva York; Plenum Press, 1991.

2. Eihnger B, Dowling J. Retinal Neurocircuitryand Transmission. En: Bjoklund A, Hokfelt T, Swanson LW (eds.). Handbook of Chemical Neuroanatomy. Nueva York; Elsevier, 1987.

3. Fatt Y, Weissman T. Physiology of the Eye. An introduction to the Vegetative Functions. Ann Rev Neurosci 1987; 10:23-32.

4. Soria L, Arias M. Señalización por segundos mensajeros. En: Hiriart M, García E. Velázquez J, Zarzosa J (eds). Actualización en Fisiología. Morelia; Sociedad Mexicana de Ciencias Fisiológicas y Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, 1997.

5. Striler L, Burke G. Proteins: A Family of Signal Transducers. Ann Rev Gell Biol 1986; 2:25-36.

6. Terssier M. Phototransduction and Information. Processing in the Retina. En: Kandel E, Schwartz J, Jessell T (eds). Principles of Neural Science. Nueva York; Elsevier, 1991. p. 340-65.

7. Whikehart D. Biochemistry of the Eye. En: Whikehart D (ed.). Biochemistry of the Eye. New York; Butterworth -Heinemann, 1994.

8. Williams G. Hypercell (Monografia en CD-ROM). Garland Producers, version 2.0. Nueva York, 1997.

9. Alcaraz V. Estructura y función del sistema nervioso. En: Alcaraz V. Estructura y función del sistema nervioso, percepción sensorial y estados del organismo. 2ª ed. Mexico; Manual Moderno, 2000.

10. Brown P, Wald G. Visual pigments in human and monkey retinas. Nature 1963; 200:37-43.

11. Dowling J. The retina: An approachable part of the brain. En: Dowling J (ed.). The retina. Cambridge; Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1987.

12. Horton C. The central visual pathways. En: Hart WM (ed.). Adler’s Physiology of the eye. Saint Louis; Mosby Yearbook, 1992.

13. Hubel D, Wiesel T. Brain mechanisms of vision. Scientific American 1992. 241: 3; 150-162.

14. Livingston E, Hubel D. Segmentation of form, color, movement and depth: anatomy, physiology and perception. Science 1998; 240:740-749.

15. Trevarthen C. Functional organization of the human brain. En: Wittrock MC (ed.). The brain and Psychology. Philadelphia; Academic Press, p. 33-91.

16. Zeki S. A vision of the brain. Oxford; Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1993.