Compeán DS, Verde FE, Gallardo HG, Tamez GS, Ortiz-Hernández L

Language: Spanish
References: 15
Page: 253-258
PDF size: 91.96 Kb.

ABSTRACT

Objective: The purpose is to analyze the influence of gender differences and stereotypes between male and female dental students when they chose their career. This analysis is based on the premise that, in fact, the decision of choosing a career is influenced by traditional gender roles as well as by the main socio-economical characteristics of future dentist´s. Methodology: A test was designed and applied to the new students of dentistry (first semester) in the Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Xochimilco (UAM-X) (n = 206). Through this test the following variables were measured: reasons or motives for choosing dentistry as a career, gender stereotypes, distribution within families of domestic and household tasks as well as the socio-economical background of each student’s family. Results: When compared to men, a greater number of female dentist´s reported to have chosen a career that was «compatible with their gender» (p = 0.069) and compatible with household and domestic occupations (p = 0.001). Furthermore, more women reported that they carried on household and domestic tasks. Conclusion: Results show that an important number of female dentist´s tend to reproduce the traditional gender role when choosing a career, because they seek to make their professional development compatible with household occupations.

REFERENCES

1. Comisión Europea. On equality between women and men. Bruselas, 2005.

2. Salas C, Leite M. Segregación ocupacional por género: Una comparación. Brasil, en línea, 2007, www.fcc.org.br/seminario/LEITE_SALAS.pdf.

3. OIT. Global employment trends for women brief. International Labour Office; Ginebra; March 2007.

4. De la Garza E, Salas C. La situación del trabajo en México 2006. UAM, Rectoría General, Instituto de Estudios del Trabajo, Centro Americano para la Solidaridad Sindical Internacional, AFL-CIO, Plaza y Valdés, 2006.

5. 5. Machado MH. La mujer y el mercado de trabajo en el sector de la salud en las Américas. ¿Hegemonías femeninas? En: Gómez E, editora. Género, mujer y salud. Washington; Organización Panamericana de la Salud, 1993. Pub. Cient. No. 541.p. 277-285.

6. Uhlenberg P, Cooney TM. Male and female physicians: family and career comparisons. Soc Sci Med 1990; 30(3): 373-8.

7. Ramírez MA, Méndez O, Nigenda G, Vargas MM. Recursos humanos en los servicios de salud: Una perspectiva de género. México; Centro de Análisis Social y Económico, 2002.

8. Asociación Nacional de Universidades e Instituciones de Educación Superior (ANUIES). Anuario Estadístico, 2004.

9. Wright AL, Schwindt LA, Bassford TL, Reyna VF, Shisslak CM, St Germain PA, Reed KL. Gender differences in academic advancement: patterns, causes, and potential solutions in one US College of Medicine. Acad Med 2003; 78(5): 500-8.

10. Carr PL, Ash AS, Friedman RH, Szalacha L, Barnett RC, Palepu A, Moskowitz MM. Faculty perceptions of gender discrimination and sexual harassment in academic medicine. Ann Intern Med 2000; 132: 889-96.

11. Bickel J, Ruffin A. Gender-associated differences in matriculating and graduating medical students. Acad Med 1995; 70(6): 552-9.

12. Field D, Lennox A. Gender in medicine: the views of first and fifth year medical students. Med Educ 1996; 30(4): 246-52.

13. Cardacci D. Educación nutricional: mujeres culpabilizando mujeres. En: Mujeres y medicina, no. 4. México; UAM-Xochimilco, 1990.

14. González D. Las mujeres y la educación médica. Rev Mex Educ Med 1990; 1(3199): 162-167.

15. Lara-Cantú MA. Inventario de masculinidad-feminidad (IMAFE). México; Manual Moderno, 1993.