Huerta LJ

Language: Spanish
References: 9
Page: 65-69
PDF size: 278.41 Kb.

ABSTRACT

The use of natural rubber (or latex) in a number of objects related to medical activities is an increasing problem. Latex is compound of cis-1,4-polyisoprene, an organic polymer that supplies strength and elasticity. It also contains a great number of carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and highly allergenic proteins. During the decades of 1980 and 1990, the increase in the demand of latex for the manufacture of gloves and other objects produced an increase of allergenic reactions among patients and medical staffs. Sensitivity may occur after contact with the skin or the mucous membranes, with the peritoneum during certain surgeries and after inhaling sprayed particles containing latex on surface.
There are three basic classical syndromes associated with this type of allergy: 1) Irritant dermatitis; 2) Retarded hypersensitivity reaction (of type IV); and 3) Immediate hypersensitivity (of type I). The spectrum of clinical manifestations goes from localized and generalized urticaria (nettle rash or hives) to rhinitis, hypotension, and complete anaphylaxis, which may place the patient’s life at danger.
Allergy to latex is present in only the 1.5% of the general population, with an augmented prevalence among atopic people. This percentage rises up from the 2 to the 17% in sanitary professionals and up to the 10% in latex industry workers. Some statistical data have shown a 14% of incidence among emergency service workers and up to the 14% in emergency pediatrics service doctors. Usually, patients presenting bifid spine are genetically predisposed to the usual latex antigen, as well as those patients suffering from brain paralysis, mental retardation or tetraplegia (quadriplegia).
Among the hospital articles manufactured from latex, there are gloves, Foley-type vesical sounds (or urinary catheters), endotracheal tubes, systems for serum dosage (or drug delivery systems), adhesive tapes, ambu, bandages, drainers, disposable trochars, etc. Among the usual materials, we may find: balloons, preservatives, synthetic sponges, pacifiers, suckers, plugs, etc. All of these products should be avoided for people presenting high sensitivity. In health centers, equivalent products not containing latex should be preferred. Fortunately, hospital are increasingly adopting dustless, non-allergenic, powder-free polymer gloves.

REFERENCES

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