medigraphic.com
ISSN 2594-1518 (Electronic)
ISSN 1405-0099 (Print)

2000, Number 1

<< Back Next >>

Cir Gen 2000; 22 (1)

Pentrating cardiac lesions. A review from its historic origins to the last frontiers of the new millennium

Asensio JA, Ceballos JJ, Forno W, Gambaro E, Chahwan S, Marengo J, Hanpeter D, Demetriades D

Language: Spanish
References: 89
Page: 81-91
PDF size: 92.88 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Objective: To describe the diverse aspects involved in the management of cardiac lesions, since the beginning until the latest advances in surgery and their influence.
Design: Review and selection of 89 bibliographic references.
Setting: Third level health care university hospital American College of Surgeons. Level I.
Results: Thousands of years elapsed from the beginning of humanity until the first successful repair (survival) of a cardiac lesion, by Rehn, at the end of the XIX century in Germany, the cornerstone of cardiac surgery. The purpose of this paper is to make a journey along the history of cardiac injury management, from the first relevant descriptions of bleeding and always fatal cardiac lesions in Homer’s Iliad, with establish a detailed list of signs and symptoms that will lead us to current diagnoses as well as to the newest evaluation methods, such as subxyphoid pericardial window (described by Larrey for the first time) or a bidirectional echography (first choice non-invasive method used in trauma centers), indications for each method, its application, and interpretation of results. This paper, at the steps of a new millennium, is aimed at an extensive review of the subject and, at the same time, at paying a homage to all authors that contributed with their efforts and knowledge to make cardiac surgery a successful reality nowadays. We also include our own experience in the management of these lesions.


REFERENCES

  1. Homer. The Iliad, Vol. XVI, Lines 588-625, 299. London: George Bell & sons, 1904. Translated by Alexander Pope.

  2. Homer. The Iliad, Vol. XIII, Line 442, p 259. New York: Macmillan & Co, 1922.

  3. Breasted JH. The Edwin Smith Papyrus. Vol 1. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1930.

  4. Beck CS. Wounds of the heart. The technic of suture. Arch Surg 1926; 13: 205-227.

  5. Hippocrates. The genuine works of Hippocrates, Vol 2, Sec 6, Aphorism 18, p 252. New York: William Wood and Co., 1886. Translated by Francis Adams.

  6. Ovid (43 BC-17 AD): Epistolae ex Ponto. Lib I, Epist III, Lines 21-22. As quoted by Beck CS. Wounds of the heart. The technic of suture. Arch Surg 1926; 13: 205-27.

  7. Celsus (15 th century AD): Medicinae Libri Octo, Lib V, Chap 26. L. Targae, Ludguni Batavorum, 1791, p 307. Translated by S and J Luchtmans. As quoted by Beck CS. Wounds of the heart. The technic of suture. Arch Surg 1926; 13: 205-27.

  8. Pliny. The Elder (23-79 AD): Historia Naturalis, Lib XI, Chap 37, Vol 3 p 65. London, Bostock & Riley, 1855. Trnslated by HG Bohr. As quoted by Beck CS. Wounds of the heart. The technic of suture. Arch Surg 1926; 13: 205-27.

  9. Aristotle (384-322 BC): The Partibus Animalium. Lib III Chap 4: Opera Edidit Academia Regia Borrusca Vol 3, 328. As quoted by Beck CS. Wounds of the heart. The technic of suture. Arch Surg 1926; 13: 205-227.

  10. Galen (130-200 AD): Medicorum Graecorum Opera, Vol VIII, Lipsssiae Prostat in officina libraria Car. Cuoblochii 1824, De Locis Affectis. Edited by Kuhn DC. Tome VIII, Lib V Chap. 2, 304. As quoted by beck CS. Wounds of the heart. The technic of suture. Arch Surg 1926; 13: 205-27.

  11. Paulus Aegineta (625-690 AD): The Seven Books of Lib. VI, Sect. 88 Vol 2 p 421, 1846. Sydeham Society. Translated by Francis Adams. As quoted by Beck CS. Wounds of the heart. The technic of suture. Arch Surg 1926; 13: 205-27.

  12. Fallopius (1523-1562 AD). Opera omnia tractatus de vulneribus in genere, 1600, Chap 10, p 163. 1600. As quoted by Beck CS. Wounds of the heart. The technic of suture. Arch Surg 1926; 13: 205-27.

  13. Paré A (1509-1590). The workes of that famous chirurgion Ambrose Paré. Translated by T Johnson. London, T Cates & Co, 1634. As quoted by Beck CS. Wounds of the heart. The technic of suture. Arch Surg 1926; 13: 205-27.

  14. Paré A. The Apologii and Treatise of Amborse Paré (Concerning the boyages made into divers places with many of this writings on surgery). G Keynes (Ed.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1952: 27.

  15. Hanby WB. The case report and autopsy records of Ambroise Paré. Springfield, Il: Charles C Thomas, 1960: 49-50.

  16. Fabricius ab Aquadependente (1673-1619 AD). Opera chirurgica, Chap 21. Patavii, 1666, p 104. As quoted by Beck CS. Wounds of the heart. The technic of suture. Arch Surg 1926; 13: 205-27.

  17. Boerhave (1668-1738). De Vulnere in Genere, Aphorismi de Cognoscendis et. Curandis Morbis, Aphorism 170,43. As quoted by Beck CS. Wounds of the heart. The technic of suture. Arch Surg 1926; 13: 205-27.

  18. Hollerius J. Communis aphorismi allegati. Quoted from Fischer G. Die Wunden des Herzeus und des Herzbeutels. Arch Klin Chir 1968;9:571. As quoted by Beck CS. Wounds of the heart. The technic of suture. Arch Surg 1926; 13: 205-27.

  19. Wolf I. Cited by Fischer G. Die Wunden des Herzens und des Herzbeutels. Arch Klin Chir 1868; 9: 571.

  20. Senac JB. Traite de la structure du coeur, de son action, et de ses maladies, Vol 2 p 366, Paris, Breasson, 1749. As quoted by Beck CS. Wounds of the heart. The technic of suture. Arch Surg 1926; 13: 205-27.

  21. Morgagni JB. De Sedibus et causes morborum. Lipsiae sumptibus Leopoldi Vossii, 1829. As quoted by Beck CS. Wounds of the heart. The technic of suture. Arch Surg 1926; 13: 205-27.

  22. Larrey DJ. Bull Sci Med 1810; 6: 284.

  23. Larrey DJ. Chirurgie 1829; 2: 303.

  24. Dupuytren G. Clinical lecture on surgery, delivered during sessions of 1834 at the Hotel Dieu, Paris. Lecons Orales de Clinique Chirurgicale on wounds of the heart. Their varieties, causes, symptoms and treatment. Lancet 1834-1835; 1: 767.

  25. Jobert JA. Reflexions sur les places penetrantes du coeur. Arch Gen de Med 1839; 6: 1.

  26. Purple SS. Statistical observations on wounds of the heart, and on their relations to forensic medicine with a table of fourty-two recorded cases. NY Med 1855; 14: 411.

  27. Fischer G. Die Wunden des Herzens und des Hertzbeutels. Arch Klin Chir 1968; 9: 571.

  28. Billroth T. Quoted by Jeger E. Die Chirurgie der Blutgefasse und des Herzens. Berlin, A Hirschwald, 1913, p 295. As quoted by Beck CS. Wounds of the heart. The technic of suture. Arch Surg 1926; 13: 205-27.

  29. Roberts JB. The surgery of the pericardium. Ann Anat Surg 1881; 4: 247.

  30. Block MH. Verhandlunge der Deutschen Gessellshof fur Chirurgie. Elfren Congress, Berlin, part I, p 108, 1882. As quoted by Beck CS. Wounds of the heart. The technic of suture. Arch Surg 1926; 13: 205-27.

  31. Billroth T. Cited by Richardson RG. (ed): The scalpel and the heart. New York: Scribner 1970: 27.

  32. Billroth T. Offenes Schreiben an Herr der Wittelshofer uver die erste mil gustingen susgange ausgefuhrte pylorectomie. Wiener Med Wochensch 1881; 31: 161.

  33. Riedinger KV. Verletzungen und Chirurgische Krankheiten des Thorax und seines Inhaltes. Stuttgart, Ferdinand Enke, 1888, part 42, p 189. As quoted by Beck CS. Wounds of the heart. The technich of suture. Arch Surg 1926; 13: 205-27.

  34. Paget S. The surgery of the chest. Bristol: John Wright & Co, 1896: 122-139.

  35. Del Vechio S. Sutura del cuore. Napoli, Riforma Med, 1985, ppxi-ii, 38. As quoted by Beck CS. Wounds of the heart. The technic of suture. Arch Surg 1926; 13: 205-27.

  36. Cappelen A. Vlnia cordis, sutur of Hjertet. Norsk. Mag. F. Laegv; Kristiania, 4, R; xi, 285, 1896. As quoted by Beck CS. Wounds of the heart. The technic of suture. Arch Surg 1926; 13: 205-27.

  37. Farina G. Discussion Centralbl Chir 1986 23:1224 As quoted by Beck CS. Wounds of the heart. The technic of suture. Arch Surg 1926; 13: 205-277.

  38. Rehn L. Ueber Penetrerende Herzwunden und Herznahtpt. Arch Klin Chir 1897;55:315 As quoted by Beck CS. Wounds of the heart. The technich of suture. Arch Surg 1926; 13: 205-27.

  39. Duval P. Le incision median thoraco-laparotomie. Bull Mem Soc De Chir Paris 1907; 33: 15 As quoted by Ballana C. Bradshaw Lecture. The surgery of the heart. Lancet 1920; CXCVIII: 73-9.

  40. Fontan JP. As quoted by Peck. The operative treatment of heart wounds. Ann Surg 1909;50:100-34. Bull Mem Soc Chir Paris, 1900; 26: 429, 1901; 27: 1099.

  41. Hill L “Report of a case of successful suturing of the heart, and table of 37 other cases of suturing by different operators with various terminations and conclusions drawn. Pt Med Rescord 1902;62:846 As quoted by Beck CS. Wounds of the heart. The technich of suture. Arch Surg 1926; 13: 205-27.

  42. Dalton HC. Report of a case of stab wound of the pericardium, terminating in recovery after resection of a rib and suture of the pericardium. Ann Surg 1895; 21: 147-52.

  43. Williams DH. Stab wound of the heart and pericardium. Recovery-patient alive three years afterward. Med Rec 1897; 51: 437-9.

  44. Spangaro S. Sulla tecnica da seguire negli interventi chirurgic per ferite del cuore e su di un nuovo processo di toracotomia. Clin Chir 1906;14:227 As quoted by Beck CS. Wounds of the heart. The technic of suture. Arch Surg 1926; 13: 205-27.

  45. Sauerbruch F. Uber die Verwendbarkeit der pneumatischen Kammer fur die Herzschirurgie. Zentralb Chir 1907; 34: 44.

  46. Matas R. Surgery of the vascular system. In: Keen WW, Da Costa JC (eds): Surgery, its principles and practice. Philadelphia: WB. Saunders, 1909; 5: 67.

  47. Peck CH. The operative treatment of heart wounds. Ann Surg 1909; 50: 100-134.

  48. Pool EH. Treatment of heart wounds. Ann Surg 1912; 55: 485-512.

  49. Borchardt. Sammlung. Klin. Leipzig, Vortrage, 1906. N, f. Chir. 102-127, p 297. (Nos. 411, 412; Chir. 113, 114). As quoted by Peck Ch. The operative treatment of heart wounds. Ann Surg 1909; 50: 100-134.

  50. Ballance C. Bradshaw lecture. The surgery of the heart. Lancet 1920; CXCVIII: 73-79.

  51. Smith WR. Cardiorraphy in acute injuries. Ann Surg 1923; 78: 696-710.

  52. Schoenfeld H. Heart injuries with suture. Ann Surg 1928; 87: 823-8.

  53. Bigger IA. Heart wounds: A report of seventeen patients operated upon in the Medical College of Virginia Hospitals and discussion of the treatment and prognosis. J Thorac Surg 1939; 8: 239-53.

  54. Elkin DC. The diagnosis and treatment of cardiac trauma. Ann Surg 1941; 114: 169.

  55. Beck C. Further observations on stab wounds of the heart. Ann Surg 1942; 115: 698-704.

  56. Turner GG. Gunshot wounds of the heart. In: Pingh WS (ed): War medicine, a symposium. London: Podolsky Edward, 1942.

  57. Griswold A, Maguire CH. Penetrating wounds of the heart and pericardium. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1942; 74: 406-18.

  58. Blalock A, Ravitch MM. A Consideration of the nonoperative treatment of cardiac tamponade resulting from wounds of the heart. Surgery 1943; 14: 157-62.

  59. Elkin DC. Wounds of the heart. Ann Surg 1946; 120: 817-25.

  60. Harken DE. Foreign bodies in, and in relation to the thoracic blood vessels and heart. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1946; 14: 117-25.

  61. Hirshberg A, Wall MJ Jr, Allen MK, Mattox KL. Double jeopardy: thoracoabdominal injuries requiring surgical intervention in both chest and abdomen. J Trauma 1995; 39: 225-31.

  62. Frank MJ, Nadimi M, Lesniak LJ, Hilmi KI, Levinson GE. Effects of cardiac tamponade on myocardial performance, blood flow, and metabolism. Am J Physiol 1971; 220: 179-85.

  63. Moreno C, Moore EE, Majure JA, Hopeman AR. Pericardial tamponade: a critical determinant for survival following penetrating cardiac wounds. J Trauma 1986; 26: 821-5.

  64. Buckman RF Jr, Badellino MM, Mauro LH, Asensio JS, Caputo C, Gass J, et al. Penetrating cardiac wounds: prospective study of factors influencing initial resuscitation. J Trauma 1993; 34: 717-25; disscusion 725-7.

  65. Trinkle JK, Marcos J, Grover FL, Cuello LM. Management of the wounded heart. Ann Thorac Surg 1974; 17: 230-6.

  66. Arom KV, Richardson JD, Webb G, Grover FL, Trinkic JK. Subxiphoid pericardial window in patients with suspected traumatic pericardial tamponade. Ann Thorac Surg 1977; 23: 545-9.

  67. Trinkle JK, Toon RS, Franz JL, Arom KV, Grover FL. Affairs of the wounded heart: penetrating cardiac wounds. J Trauma 1979; 19: 467-72.

  68. Garrison RN, Richardson JD, Fry DE. Diagnostic transdiaphragmatic pericardiotomy in thoracoabdominal trauma. J Trauma 1982; 22: 147-9.

  69. Miller FB, Bond SJ, Shumate CR, Polk HC Jr, Richardson JD. Diagnostic pericardial window. A safe alternative to exploratory thoracotomy for suspected heart injuries. Arch Surg 1987; 122: 605-9.

  70. Brewster SA, Thirlby RC, Snyder WH 3d. Subxiphoid pericardial window and penetrating cardiac trauma. Arch Surg 1988; 123: 937-41.

  71. Ducan AO, Scalea TM, Sclafani SJ, Phillips TF, Bryan D, Atwch NA, et al. Evaluation of occult cardiac injuries using subxiphoid pericardial window. J Trauma 1989; 29: 955-9; discussion 959-60.

  72. Andrade Alegre R, Mon L. Subxiphoid pericardial window in the diagnosis of penetrating cardiac trauma. Ann Thorac Surg 1994; 58: 1139-41.

  73. Feigenbaum H. Echocardiography. Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger, 1972: 141-75.

  74. Feigenbaum H, Waldhausen JA, Hyde LP: Ultrasonic diagnosis of pericardial effusion. JAMA 1965; 191: 107.

  75. Feigenbaum H, Zaky A, Waldhausen JA. Use of ultrasound in the diagnosis of pericardial effusion. Ann Intern Med 1966; 65: 443-52.

  76. Goldberg BB, Ostrum BJ, Isard HJ. Ultrasonic determination of pericardial effussion. JAMA 1967; 202: 927-30.

  77. Horowitz MS, Schultz CS, Stinson EB, Harrison DC, Popp RL. Sensitivity and specificity of echocardiographic diagnosis of pericardial effusión. Circulation 1974; 50: 239-47.

  78. Weiss JL, Bulkley BH, Hutchins GM, Mason S. Two-dimensional echocardiography recognition of myocardial injury in man: comparison with post-mortem studies. Circulation 1981; 63: 401-8.

  79. Miller FA Jr, Seward JB, Gersh BJ, Tajik AJ, Mucha P Jr. Two-dimensional echocardiographic findings in cardiac trauma. Am J Cardiol 1982; 50: 1022-7.

  80. Choo MH, Chia BL, Chia FK, Johan A. Penetrating cardiac injury evaluated by two-dimensional echocardiography. Am Heart J 1984; 108: 417-20.

  81. Lopez-Sendon J, García-Fernandez MA, Coma-Canella I, Silvestre J, de Miguel E, Jadraque LM. Identification of blood in the pericardial cavity in dogs by two-dimentional echocardiography. Am J Cardiol 1984; 53: 1194-7.

  82. Hassett A, Moran J, Sabiston DC, Kisslo J Utility of echocardiography in the management of patients with penetrating missile wounds of the heart. J Am Coll Cardiol 1986; 7: 1151-6.

  83. Robison RJ, Brown JW, Caldwell R, Stone KS, King H. Management of asympotamic intracardiac missiles using echocardiography. J Trauma 1988; 28: 1402-3.

  84. Whye D, Barish R, Almquist T, Groleau G, Tso E, Browne B. Echocardiographic diagnosis of acute pericardial effusion in penetrating chest trauma. Am J Emerg Med 1988; 6: 21-3.

  85. Freshman SP, Wisner DH, Weber CJ. 2-D echocardiography: emergent use in the evaluation of penetrating precordial trauma. J Trauma 1991; 31: 902-5; discussion 905-6.

  86. Jimenez E, Martin M, Krukenkamp I, Barrett J. Subxiphoid pericardiotomy versus echocardiography: a prospective evaluation of the diagnosis of occult penetrating cardiac injury. Surgery 1990; 108: 676-9; discussion 679-8.

  87. Plummer D, Brunette D, Asinger R, Ruiz E. Emergency department echocardiography improves outcome in penetrating cardiac injury. Ann Emer Med 1992; 21: 709-12.

  88. Aaland MO, Bryan FC 3rd , Sherman R. Two-dimensional echocardiogram in hemodynamically stable victims of penetrating precordial trauma. Am Surg 1994; 60: 412-5.

  89. Meyer DM, Jessen ME, Grayburn PA. Use of echocardiography to detect occult cardiac injury after penetrating thoracic truma: a prospective study. J Trauma 1995; 39: 902-7; discussion 907-9.




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com