Soto RE, Ávila EJF, Gutiérrez GVM

Language: Spanish
References: 18
Page: 117-122
PDF size: 159.34 Kb.

ABSTRACT

Introduction: The low birth weight, considered less than 2,500 g had a higher risk of morbidity and mortality than babies of normal weight. Small for gestational age (SGA) are more likely to present with perinatal complications such as asphyxia, hypoglycemia, acute fetal distress, acidosis, meconium aspiration, hypothermia and polycythemia. In ISSEMYM Maternal and Child Hospital in 2006 found a 6% incidence of intrauterine growth restriction. Objective: To identify risk factors associated with maternal conditions related to term newborns with low birth weight in women treated at the Hospital of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Maternal and Child Institute of the State of Mexico. Material and methods: Retrospective, transversal, comparative study in which we reviewed records of patients treated at the Hospital of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Maternal and Child Institute of the State of Mexico from June 2008 to May 31, 2009. They were divided into two groups. Group A with low birth weight in term pregnancy and Group B infants with appropriate weight at term pregnancy. We excluded preterm infants and incomplete records. Results: We included 404 cases, 202 in each of the groups. All pregnancies were term held from 37 to 41 weeks of gestation. Both groups were similarin gestational age, with an average for the group A of 38 ± 1.1 weeks (range 37 to 41 weeks) and group B was 39 ± 1.1 weeks (range 37 to 41 weeks). In group A the average weight of newborns was 2.227 grams, with a range of 1.150 to 2,490 g. The size was 40 ± 1.1 cm, range from 37 to 41 cm. Gender was male in 100 and 102 of female newborns. In group B the average weight of newborns was 3.398 ± 288 g, with a range of 2,800 to 4,200 g. The average size was 50 ± 1 cm, range from 47 to 53 cm. Gender was male 101 and female 101 cases. We determined the relative risk for different factors. Risk factors associated with low birth weight were: history of product with low birth weight (RR = 3.57), anemia with hemoglobin below 10 g / dL (RR = 2.37), smoking (RR = 2.12), hypertensive disease pregnancy (RR = 2.12.) alcoholism (RR = 2.03), drug abuse (RR = 2.01), chronical hypertension (RR = 2.01), changes in the placenta (RR = 1.9), other diseases (chromosomal abnormalities, obesity, diabetes mellitus and mild and severe oligohydramnios) (RR = 1.89), age younger than 16 years (RR = 1.8), height of 1.45 to 1.55 m (RR = 1.55), illiteracy (RR = 1.51), urinary tract infection (RR = 1.47), primigravida (RR = 1.37), and BMI of over 36 (RR = 1.14). No risk was found associated with maternal malnutrition, renal disease, maternal age of 16 years, adequate prenatal care, maternal literacy, maternal height equal to or greater than 1.56 cm, BMI ≤ 35. Conclusions: The risk factors can be found mostly modifiable. The most common risk factors in our population are hospital patients had low weight, anemia, smoking, hypertensive disease, alcoholism, drug abuse and chronic hypertension. 100% of the cases presented with low birth weight infants had at least one risk factor.

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