Prado BNY, Ensaldo CE, Prado BJA

Language: Spanish
References: 20
Page: 8-16
PDF size: 422.31 Kb.

ABSTRACT

Osteonecrosis of the maxillary bones is a complication of antineoplastic treatment that requires special consideration and analysis.
Bisphosphonates are powerful inhibitors of osteoclasts that interact with these cells to produce a marked decrease in bone resorption. They are frequently used in patients with advanced cancer, bone metastases and hypercalcemia of malignancy. Although the first report of osteonecrosis of the maxillary bone associated with bisphosphonates dates back to 1995, the risk factors and mechanisms involved remain somewhat unclear.
Its prevalence has been reported as within a range of 1 to 5% in patients treated with intravenous therapy with bisphosphonates, and 0.001 to 0.01 for oral therapy. The most affected site is the lower jaw, which accounts for 78% of cases, with the maxilla affected in only 16% of them.
The treatment for osteonecrosis of the upper and lower jaws ranges from simple observation to the extraction of the bone fragment or, in more advanced cases, the complete removal of the lower jaw or maxilla. It is of vital importance that patients being treated with bisphosphonates be monitored by health professionals in order to allow them to identify risk factors and prevent osteonecrosis of the jaws.

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