Núñez MJM, Alfaro MPE, Cenoz UE, Osorno EC, Méndez ADA

Language: Spanish
References: 14
Page: 127-131
PDF size: 116.78 Kb.

ABSTRACT

Objective: To identify changes in vital signs after the administration of a local anesthetic with vasoconstrictor.
Study Design: A descriptive cross-sectional study involving 90 patients with no systemic cardiovascular disease altering their vital signs, who attended the dental clinics of the Metropolitan Autonomous University-Xochimilco. The patients’ vital signs were taken twice for each person: before the local infiltration of the anesthesia and 10 minutes after. The anesthetic used was lidocaine (2%), with epinephrine used as the vasoconstrictor (1:100 000). The technique used in all cases was truncal block of the inferior alveolar nerve.
Results: 77.78% of the subjects were female and 22.22% male (age = 26.67 ± 12.85 years). Using a paired t test, a statistically significant difference was identified between the first and second measurements of heart rate (72.367 ± 7.419 and 73.733 ± 6.986, respectively; t = 2636, p = 0.010). There were no statistically significant differences between the first and second readings of diastolic blood pressure, systolic blood pressure and respiratory rate measurement times.
Using a linear regression model, the dose of anesthetic was correlated with the differences in vital signs between the first and second measurement times, resulting in a significant positive correlation between the values of heart rate and anesthetic dose (R2 = 0.078, p = 0.008), and between respiratory rate and dose (R2 = 0.043, p = 0.051). The values of the other vital signs were not significantly correlated with the dose of anesthetic.
Conclusions: The local anesthetic most commonly used in dentistry increases the values of certain vital signs, an important factor to bear in mind since it may cause accidents and complications in patients who are prone to cardiovascular disease and receiving dental treatment.

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