Delgado-Becerra A, Casillas-García DM, Fernández-Carrocera LA

Language: Spanish
References: 22
Page: 139-145
PDF size: 127.02 Kb.

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Gestational Diabetes (GD) is one of the pathologic conditions that most frequently complicate pregnancies and has influence in both the mother and child future as well. Family background of Diabetes Mellitus, obesity, fetal death and previous DG influence its development. Neonatal morbidity rises 23%, mainly characterized by respiratory, metabolic, hematological alterations injuries associated to the route of birth, macrosomy and asphyxia. Objective: To acknowledge the morbidity of infant of GD mother compared with a group of infant of mothers without such pathology among the population at the Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes. Methods: An observational, comparative, analytical study was done. In which two groups were integrated: one, the study group (infant of GD mother), and Control group (infant of mothers without such pathology), each with 144 patients, there was a research of maternal background and morbidity developed by the neonate. Statistical analysis included: measures of central tendency (mean, standard deviation, and confidence interval), for demographic variables, and t Student, Chi square and relative risk, with a confidence level of 95% for the comparison of both populations. Results: The following maternal background resulted with statistical significance: familiar Diabetes Mellitus (RR 2.10, IC 95% 1.28-3.43), obesity (RR 2.5, IC 95% 1.06-5.88) and fetal death (RR 9.33, IC 95% 2.9-30.01). DG A1 and B2 conformed 89.6% of the study group. The neonatal morbidity in the study group was 86.8%, more than double that of the control group (28.5%) (RR of 3.4, 95% CI 1.66-5.37), corresponding to 40.3% respiratory pathology, with a predominance of the Lung Adaptation Syndrome 31.9% (RR 2.87, 95% CI 1.53-5.38) physical injury (RR 2.08, 95% CI 1.00-4.32), congenital malformations (RR 3.0, 95% CI 1.15-7.79) and hematological disorders (RR 2.8, 95% CI 0.98-7.99). Metabolic changes were presented only in the study group within a 7.0%. There was not a single case of asphyxia in both groups. There was no statistical significance in terms of route of birth, gestational age and days of hospital stay when comparing the two groups. Conclusions: Among the population studied, the background of diabetes mellitus, obesity and fetal death in the pregnant woman are risk factors that contribute in the development of gestational diabetes. The morbidity of the infant of diabetic mother is above the data referred by the international literature, probably due to the fact that our institution is a third level of attention concentration center. Respiratory disorders were predominant, specifically the lung adaptation syndrome.

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