Ibáñez MNG, Piña LYB, López GCJ

Language: Spanish
References: 16
Page: 282-286
PDF size: 145.58 Kb.

ABSTRACT

Sjögren's Syndrome (SS) is a multisystem autoimmune disease that results from the destruction of the exocrine glands. Its prevalence is between 0.05 and 4.8% of the population and it is more common in women. Oral complications include traumatic ulcers, cervical caries, issues with prosthesis use, and candidiasis, all of these associated with dry mouth. The diagnosis of Sjögren's Syndrome should be based on international criteria. Its treatment is multidisciplinary; it is essential that hyposalivation be managed in order to avoid secondary alterations.
Objetive: To determine the frequency of Sjögren's Syndrome in patients with dry mouth.
Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional, observational study was performed using a sample consisting of 23 cases. Information relating to age, sex, and Sjogren's Syndrome diagnosis criteria was gathered using a data collection sheet. Testing was carried out to determine the independence of the variables.
Results: The sample represented 4.6% of all patients. The male-to-female ratio was 1:6.6, in an age range from 40 to 81 years;14 patients suffered from xerophthalmia, of whom 86% were women (p ‹0.05); 16 patients suffered from xerostomia, of whom 87% (14 patients) were women (p ‹0.05). 6 cases of SS were diagnosed, with a male-to-female ratio of 1:5.
Discussion: 26% of patients fulfilled 4 or 5 of the criteria for the diagnosis of Sjögren's Syndrome. Once the criteria for its diagnosis have been shown to exist, it is possible for the dentist to produce a diagnosis of SS, following a basic protocol of symptom recording, the observation of signs, and complementary testing.
Conclusions: Sjögren's Syndrome is an autoimmune disease characterized by dry mouth. For it to be diagnosed, a biopsy of minor salivary glands of the lip is required in search of benign lymphoepithelial lesions, the presence of which is a reliable criterion for the diagnosis of this disease.

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