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2013, Number 2

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Rev Mex Anest 2013; 36 (2)

Hypomagnesemia in the perioperative period. Current concepts

Ballesteros-Flores CG, Garrido-Aguirre E, Carrillo-Esper R, Nava-López JA

Language: Spanish
References: 44
Page: 114-118
PDF size: 89.97 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Purpose: Literature review on the main aspects of hypomagnesemia in the perioperative period. Data collection: Review of the literature in English. A selection of articles: We selected the most relevant papers about hypomagnesemia. Data extraction: We reviewed the international literature during the period 2011 to 2012 for research studies. Results: Magnesium (Mg2+) is the second most abundant intracellular cation and the fourth at extracellular level. Hypomagnesemia is common in hospitalized patients (12%) and in critical condition (60%). Coexists with other electrolytic disorders. The etiology is multifactorial. Clinical manifestations are: a) neurological convulsions, dizziness, nystagmus, aphasia, hemiparesis; b) neuromuscular signs of Chvostek, Trousseau, tetany, twitching and muscle cramps; c) cardiovascular arrhythmias; and d) psychiatric. The fractional excretion of magnesium is useful for diagnosis. Conclusion: Hypomagnesemia is a common condition in the perioperative period. The most common causes are gastrointestinal and renal losses. Deficiency produces a variety of clinical manifestations. Magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) should be reserved for patients with severe hypomagnesemia (‹ 1.2 mg/dL). The timely detection and correction prevents a significant increase in morbidity and mortality.


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