Murguía-González A, Hernández-Herrera RJ, Nava-Bermea M

Language: Spanish
References: 11
Page: 297-303
PDF size: 231.29 Kb.

ABSTRACT

Background: The proper prenatal care for pregnant women is crucial to quickly identify risk factors for birth trauma.
Objective: To identify risk factors for neonatal birth trauma.
Patients and method: Case-control study that included a patient in the case group for every two controls. The following risk factors were identified: cephalopelvic disproportion, macrosomia, use of forceps, precipitated or prolonged labor, malpresentation, and the most common types of birth trauma. We used descriptive statistics and odds ratios.
Results: Statistically significant risk factors for birth trauma were: maternal age ≤ 20 years (OR = 16) and ≥ 30 years (OR = 2.5), first pregnancy (OR = 4.0), cephalopelvic disproportion (OR = 8.3), forceps delivery (OR = 9.4), birth weight greater than 3,800 g (OR = 6.6), and non-cephalic presentation (OR = 8.3). Found birth trauma types were: ecchymosis (40.4%), caput succedaneum (25%), erosion (15.4%), clavicle fracture (5.9%), brachial plexus paralysis (4.7%), inter alia. The perinatal outcome of 79 infants with birth trauma were compared to 158 healthy newborns.
Conclusion: Risk factors associated with birth injuries were: Maternal (age, pregnancy), newborn (weight), and birth care (presentation, instrumentation and pelvic sufficiency).

REFERENCES

1. Karchmer K, Fernández del Castillo SC. Obstetricia y medicina perinatal. México: COMEGO 2006;537-546.

2. Herrera J, Ramírez F. Neonatología, Trauma Obstétrico. Editorial Universitaria, 2003;171.

3. Lara-Díaz VJ, López-Jara C, Silva-Cavazos MJ. Trauma obstétrico. Incidencia, clasificación y factores asociados. Perinatol Reprod Hum 1992;6:10-13.

4. Ponce de León TM, Hernández SM, Ibarra VR, Rosas SS, Valdivia BA. Frecuencia y tipo de lesiones obstétricas en neonatos nacidos en un hospital general. Rev Mex Pediatr 2000;67:161-165.

5. García H, Rubio J, Islas M. Factores de riesgo asociados al trauma al nacimiento. Rev Invest Clín 2006;58:416-423.

6. García H, Peña A. Incidencia de lesiones asociadas al nacimiento en recién nacidos, Rev Med IMSS 2004;42:25-30.

7. Albornoz J, Salinas H, Reyes A. Mortalidad fetal asociada al parto en macrosómicos: análisis de 3981 nacimientos. Rev Chil Obstet Ginecol 2005;70:218-224.

8. Boulet S, Alexander G, Salihu H, Pass M. Macrosomic births in the United States: Determinants, outcomes and proposed grades of risk. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2003;188: 1372-1378.

9. Jolly M, Sebire N, Harris J, Regan L, Robinson S. Risk factors for macrosomia and is clinical consequences: a study of 350,311 pregnancies. European J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2003;111:9-14.

10. Zamora A, Villaseñor J, Ruiz M. Evaluación del riesgo de macrosomía y sus complicaciones a través de los niveles de hemoglobina glucosilada. Rev Mex Patol Clín 1996;43:10-14.

11. Barrientos G, Cervera P, Navascués J, Sánchez R, Romero R, Pérez- Sheriff V, y col. Traumatismos obstétricos ¿Un problema actual? Cir Pediatr 2000;13:150-152.