medigraphic.com
ISSN 2007-6800 (Print)

2013, Number 2

<< Back Next >>

Rev Mex Traspl 2013; 2 (2)

Recurrent glomerular diseases in renal transplant

Merino-López M, Morales-Buenrostro LE

Language: Spanish
References: 84
Page: 64-72
PDF size: 232.17 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Renal transplantation remains the best treatment option for patients with end stage renal disease in most cases. Although the improvement in the receptor’s quality of life, the renal transplant is not a cure; the knowledge of the end stage renal disease’s cause is important because all forms of glomerular disease can recur after transplantation. The likelihood of recurrence and severity is different according to type. The impact of the recurrence in the long term graft outcome is because it is the third most important cause of renal allograft loss. The knowledge in risk factors and the pathogenesis in the recurrent glomerulonephritis is huge, but there is a limitation in the accuracy of the diagnosis before transplantation. Sometimes a substantial proportion of patients after transplantation with chronic progression are misdiagnosed and a diagnosis of chronic allograft nephropathy is sometimes presumed, resulting in a huge variability in published frequencies. In this review, we describe the more frequently post-transplant recurrent glomerulonephritis, as well as basic aspects of their pathogenesis, risk factors and treatment proposed by the entity. It should be noted that current evidence is limited, mostly to case series.


REFERENCES

  1. Gondos A, Dohler B, Brenner H, Opelz G. Kidney Graft Survival in Europe and the United States: Strikingly Different Long-term Outcomes. Transplantation. 2012.

  2. Moreso F, Alonso A, Gentil MA, Gonzalez-Molina M, Capdevila L, Marcen R et al. Improvement in late renal allograft survival between 1990 and 2002 in Spain: results from a multicentre case-control study. Transpl Int. 2010; 23 (9): 907-913.

  3. Denton MD, Singh AK. Recurrent and de novo glomerulonephritis in the renal allograft. Semin Nephrol. 2000; 20 (2): 164-175.

  4. Briggs JD, Jones E. Recurrence of glomerulonephritis following renal transplantation. Scientific Advisory Board of the ERA-EDTA Registry. European Renal Association-European Dialysis and Transplant Association. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1999; 14 (3): 564-565.

  5. Briganti EM, Russ GR, McNeil JJ, Atkins RC, Chadban SJ. Risk of renal allograft loss from recurrent glomerulonephritis. N Engl J Med. 2002; 347 (2): 103-109.

  6. Yu TM, Wen MC, Wu MJ, Chen CH, Cheng CH, Li CY et al. Impact of posttransplantation glomerulonephritis on long-term outcome of kidney transplants: single-center 20-year experience. World J Surg. 2012; 36 (12): 2923-2930.

  7. Hariharan S, Peddi VR, Savin VJ, Johnson CP, First MR, Roza AM et al. Recurrent and de novo renal diseases after renal

  8. transplantation: a report from the renal allograft disease registry. Am J Kidney Dis. 1998; 31 (6): 928-931.

  9. Hariharan S, Johnson CP, Bresnahan BA, Taranto SE, McIntosh MJ, Stablein D. Improved graft survival after renal transplantation in the United States, 1988 to 1996. N Engl J Med. 2000; 342 (9): 605-612.

  10. Chadban S. Glomerulonephritis recurrence in the renal graft. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2001; 12 (2): 394-402.

  11. Hariharan S, Adams MB, Brennan DC, Davis CL, First MR, Johnson CP et al. Recurrent and de novo glomerular disease after renal transplantation: a report from Renal Allograft Disease Registry (RADR). Transplantation. 1999; 68 (5): 635-641.

  12. Ortiz F, Gelpi R, Koskinen P, Manonelles A, Raisanen-Sokolowski A, Carrera M et al. IgA nephropathy recurs early in the graft when assessed by protocol biopsy. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2012; 27 (6): 2553-2558.

  13. Ponticelli C, Traversi L, Banfi G. Renal transplantation in patients with IgA mesangial glomerulonephritis. Pediatr Transplant. 2004; 8 (4): 334-338.

  14. Floege J. Recurrent IgA nephropathy after renal transplantation. Semin Nephrol. 2004; 24 (3): 287-291.

  15. Tang Z, Ji SM, Chen DR, Wen JQ, Chen JS, Liu ZH et al. Recurrent or de novo IgA nephropathy with crescent formation after renal transplantation. Ren Fail. 2008; 30 (6): 611-616.

  16. Moroni G, Longhi S, Quaglini S, Gallelli B, Banfi G, Montagnino G et al. The long-term outcome of renal transplantation of IgA nephropathy and the impact of recurrence on graft survival. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2012.

  17. Bjorneklett R, Vikse BE, Smerud HK, Bostad L, Leivestad T, Hartmann A et al. Pre-transplant course and risk of kidney transplant failure in IgA nephropathy patients. Clin Transplant. 2011; 25 (3): E356-E365.

  18. Andresdottir MB, Haasnoot GW, Persijn GG, Claas FH. HLA-B8, DR3: a new risk factor for graft failure after renal transplantation in patients with underlying immunoglobulin A nephropathy. Clin Transplant. 2009; 23 (5): 660-665.

  19. Berthoux F, El Deeb S, Mariat C, Diconne E, Laurent B, Thibaudin L. Antithymocyte globulin (ATG) induction therapy and disease recurrence in renal transplant recipients with primary IgA nephropathy. Transplantation. 2008; 85 (10): 1505-1507.

  20. Pham PT, Pham PC. The impact of mycophenolate mofetil versus azathioprine as adjunctive therapy to cyclosporine on the rates of renal allograft loss due to glomerular disease recurrence. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2012; 27 (7): 2965-2971.

  21. Nankivell BJ, Borrows RJ, Fung CL, O’Connell PJ, Allen RD, Chapman JR. Evolution and pathophysiology of renal-transplant glomerulosclerosis. Transplantation. 2004; 78 (3): 461-468.

  22. Letavernier E, Bruneval P, Mandet C, Duong Van Huyen JP, Peraldi MN, Helal I et al. High sirolimus levels may induce focal segmental glomerulosclerosis de novo. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2007; 2 (2): 326-333.

  23. Franco AF, Martini D, Abensur H, Noronha IL. Proteinuria in transplant patients associated with sirolimus. Transplant Proc. 2007; 39 (2): 449-452.

  24. Abbott KC, Sawyers ES, Oliver JD 3rd, Ko CW, Kirk AD, Welch PG et al. Graft loss due to recurrent focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in renal transplant recipients in the United States. Am J Kidney Dis. 2001; 37 (2): 366-373.

  25. Shimizu A, Higo S, Fujita E, Mii A, Kaneko T. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis after renal transplantation. Clin Transplant. 2011; 25 (Suppl 23): 6-14.

  26. Crosson JT. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and renal transplantation. Transplant Proc. 2007; 39 (3): 737-743.

  27. Moriconi L, Lenti C, Puccini R, Pasquariello A, Rindi P, Batini V et al. Proteinuria in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis: role of circulating factors and therapeutic approach. Ren Fail. 2001; 23 (3-4): 533-541.

  28. Sharma M, Sharma R, Reddy SR, McCarthy ET, Savin VJ. Proteinuria after injection of human focal segmental glomerulosclerosis factor. Transplantation. 2002; 73 (3): 366-372.

  29. Schwartz MM. The role of podocyte injury in the pathogenesis of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Ren Fail. 2000; 22 (6): 663-684.

  30. Raafat RH, Kalia A, Travis LB, Diven SC. High-dose oral cyclosporin therapy for recurrent focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in children. Am J Kidney Dis. 2004; 44 (1): 50-56.

  31. Tsugawa K, Tanaka H, Nakahata T, Ito E. Effective therapy of a child case of refractory nephrotic syndrome with tacrolimus. Tohoku J Exp Med. 2004; 204 (3): 237-241.

  32. Bosch T, Wendler T. Extracorporeal plasma treatment in primary and recurrent focal segmental glomerular sclerosis: a review. Ther Apher. 2001; 5 (3): 155-160.

  33. Valdivia P, Gonzalez Roncero F, Gentil MA, Jimenez F, Algarra G, Pereira P et al. Plasmapheresis for the prophylaxis and treatment of recurrent focal segmental glomerulosclerosis following renal transplant. Transplant Proc. 2005; 37 (3): 1473-1474.

  34. Gohh RY, Yango AF, Morrissey PE, Monaco AP, Gautam A, Sharma M et al. Preemptive plasmapheresis and recurrence of FSGS in high-risk renal transplant recipients. Am J Transplant. 2005; 5 (12): 2907-2912.

  35. Rodriguez-Ferrero M, Ampuero J, Anaya F. Rituximab and chronic plasmapheresis therapy of nephrotic syndrome in renal transplantation patients with recurrent focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Transplant Proc. 2009; 41 (6): 2406-2408.

  36. Tsagalis G, Psimenou E, Nakopoulou L, Laggouranis A. Combination treatment with plasmapheresis and rituximab for recurrent focal segmental glomerulosclerosis after renal transplantation. Artif Organs. 2011; 35 (4): 420-425.

  37. Fornoni A, Sageshima J, Wei C, Merscher-Gomez S, Aguillon-Prada R, Jauregui AN et al. Rituximab targets podocytes in recurrent focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Sci Transl Med. 2011; 3 (85): 85ra46.

  38. Savin VJ, McCarthy ET, Sharma R, Charba D, Sharma M. Galactose binds to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis permeability factor and inhibits its activity. Transl Res. 2008; 151 (6): 288-292.

  39. Hickson LJ, Gera M, Amer H, Iqbal CW, Moore TB, Milliner DS et al. Kidney transplantation for primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis: outcomes and response to therapy for recurrence. Transplantation. 2009; 87 (8): 1232-1239.

  40. Maisonneuve P, Agodoa L, Gellert R, Stewart JH, Buccianti G, Lowenfels AB et al. Distribution of primary renal diseases leading to end-stage renal failure in the United States, Europe, and Australia/New Zealand: results from an international comparative study. Am J Kidney Dis. 2000; 35 (1): 157-165.

  41. Troyanov S, Wall CA, Miller JA, Scholey JW, Cattran DC. Idiopathic membranous nephropathy: definition and relevance of a partial remission. Kidney Int. 2004; 66 (3): 1199-1205.

  42. Dabade TS, Grande JP, Norby SM, Fervenza FC, Cosio FG. Recurrent idiopathic membranous nephropathy after kidney transplantation: a surveillance biopsy study. Am J Transplant. 2008; 8 (6): 1318-1322.

  43. Schwarz A, Krause PH, Offermann G, Keller F. Impact of de novo membranous glomerulonephritis on the clinical course after kidney transplantation. Transplantation. 1994; 58 (6): 650-654.

  44. Moroni G, Gallelli B, Quaglini S, Leoni A, Banfi G, Passerini P et al. Long-term outcome of renal transplantation in patients with idiopathic membranous glomerulonephritis (MN). Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2010; 25 (10): 3408-3415.

  45. Cosyns JP, Couchoud C, Pouteil-Noble C, Squifflet JP, Pirson Y. Recurrence of membranous nephropathy after renal transplantation: probability, outcome and risk factors. Clin Nephrol. 1998; 50 (3): 144-153.

  46. Beck LH Jr., Bonegio RG, Lambeau G, Beck DM, Powell DW, Cummins TD et al. M-type phospholipase A2 receptor as target antigen in idiopathic membranous nephropathy. N Engl J Med. 2009; 361 (1): 11-21.

  47. Prunotto M, Carnevali ML, Candiano G, Murtas C, Bruschi M, Corradini E et al. Autoimmunity in membranous nephropathy targets aldose reductase and SOD2. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2010; 21 (3): 507-519.

  48. Stahl R, Hoxha E, Fechner K. PLA2R autoantibodies and recurrent membranous nephropathy after transplantation. N Engl J Med. 2010; 363 (5): 496-498.

  49. Debiec H, Hanoy M, Francois A, Guerrot D, Ferlicot S, Johanet C et al. Recurrent Membranous Nephropathy in an Allograft Caused by IgG3kappa Targeting the PLA2 Receptor. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2012; 23 (12): 1949-1954.

  50. Rodriguez EF, Cosio FG, Nasr SH, Sethi S, Fidler ME, Stegall MD et al. The pathology and clinical features of early recurrent membranous glomerulonephritis. Am J Transplant. 2012; 12 (4): 1029-1038.

  51. Weclawiak H, Ribes D, Modesto A, Kamar N, Durand D, Rostaing L. [Efficiency of rituximab treatment for recurrence of membranous glomerulopathy after renal transplantation]. Nephrol Ther. 2007; 3 (2): 65-68.

  52. El-Zoghby ZM, Grande JP, Fraile MG, Norby SM, Fervenza FC, Cosio FG. Recurrent idiopathic membranous nephropathy: early diagnosis by protocol biopsies and treatment with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies. Am J Transplant. 2009; 9 (12): 2800-2807.

  53. Sprangers B, Lefkowitz GI, Cohen SD, Stokes MB, Valeri A, Appel GB et al. Beneficial effect of rituximab in the treatment of recurrent idiopathic membranous nephropathy after kidney transplantation. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2010; 5 (5): 790-797.

  54. Lim BJ, Kim MS, Kim YS, Kim SI, Jeong HJ. C4d deposition and multilayering of peritubular capillary basement membrane in posttransplantation membranous nephropathy indicate its association with antibody-mediated injury. Transplant Proc. 2012; 44 (3): 619-620.

  55. Ponticelli C, Glassock RJ. De novo membranous nephropathy (MN) in kidney allografts. A peculiar form of alloimmune disease? Transpl Int. 2012; 25 (12): 1205-1210.

  56. Poduval RD, Josephson MA, Javaid B. Treatment of de novo and recurrent membranous nephropathy in renal transplant patients. Semin Nephrol. 2003; 23 (4): 392-399.

  57. Lorenz EC, Sethi S, Leung N, Dispenzieri A, Fervenza FC, Cosio FG. Recurrent membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis after kidney transplantation. Kidney Int. 2010; 77 (8): 721-728.

  58. Moroni G, Casati C, Quaglini S, Gallelli B, Banfi G, Montagnino G et al. Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis type I in renal transplantation patients: a single-center study of a cohort of 68 renal transplants followed up for 11 years. Transplantation. 2011; 91 (11): 1233-1239.

  59. Morales JM. Hepatitis C virus infection and renal disease after renal transplantation. Transplant Proc. 2004; 36 (3): 760-762.

  60. Bestard O, Cruzado JM, Ercilla G, Goma M, Torras J, Seron D et al. Rituximab induces regression of hepatitis C virus-related membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis in a renal allograft. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2006; 21 (8): 2320-2324.

  61. Ozdemir BH, Ozdemir FN, Sezer S, Colak T, Haberal M. De novo glomerulonephritis in renal allografts with hepatitis C virus infection. Transplant Proc. 2006; 38 (2): 492-495.

  62. West CD, Bissler JJ. Nephritic factor and recurrence in the renal transplant of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis type II. Pediatr Nephrol. 2008; 23 (10): 1867-1876.

  63. Braun MC, Stablein DM, Hamiwka LA, Bell L, Bartosh SM, Strife CF. Recurrence of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis type II in renal allografts: The North American Pediatric Renal Transplant Cooperative Study experience. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2005; 16 (7): 2225-2233.

  64. McCaughan JA, O’Rourke DM, Courtney AE. Recurrent dense deposit disease after renal transplantation: an emerging role for complementary therapies. Am J Transplant. 2012; 12 (4): 1046-1051.

  65. Contreras G, Mattiazzi A, Guerra G, Ortega LM, Tozman EC, Li H et al. Recurrence of lupus nephritis after kidney transplantation. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2010; 21(7): 1200-1207.

  66. Chelamcharla M, Javaid B, Baird BC, Goldfarb-Rumyantzev AS. The outcome of renal transplantation among systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2007; 22 (12): 3623-3630.

  67. Burgos PI, Perkins EL, Pons-Estel GJ, Kendrick SA, Liu JM, Kendrick WT et al. Risk factors and impact of recurrent lupus nephritis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus undergoing renal transplantation: data from a single US institution. Arthritis Rheum. 2009; 60 (9): 2757-2766.

  68. Bartosh SM, Fine RN, Sullivan EK. Outcome after transplantation of young patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a report of the North American pediatric renal transplant cooperative study. Transplantation. 2001; 72 (5): 973-978.

  69. Petri M. Epidemiology of the antiphospholipid antibody syndrome. J Autoimmun. 2000; 15 (2): 145-151.

  70. Canaud G, Bienaime F, Noel LH, Royal V, Alyanakian MA, Dautzenberg MD et al. Severe vascular lesions and poor functional outcome in kidney transplant recipients with lupus anticoagulant antibodies. Am J Transplant. 2010; 10 (9): 2051-2060.

  71. Ferlazzo B, Barrile A, Bonanno D, Quattrocchi P, Santoro D, Savica V et al. [Anticardiolipin antibodies in hemodialysis patients and in renal transplant recipients: prevalence and significance]. Recenti Prog Med. 1998; 89 (9): 434-437.

  72. Ng HJ, Crowther MA. Anticoagulation therapy in the antiphospholipid syndrome: recent advances. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2005; 11 (5): 368-372.

  73. Moroni G, Torri A, Gallelli B, Quaglini S, Pozzi C, Banfi G et al. The long-term prognosis of renal transplant in patients with systemic vasculitis. Am J Transplant. 2007; 7 (9): 2133-2139.

  74. Gera M, Griffin MD, Specks U, Leung N, Stegall MD, Fervenza FC. Recurrence of ANCA-associated vasculitis following renal transplantation in the modern era of immunosupression. Kidney Int. 2007; 71 (12): 1296-1301.

  75. Lobbedez T, Comoz F, Renaudineau E, Pujo M, Ryckelynck JP, Hurault de Ligny B. Recurrence of ANCA-positive glomerulonephritis immediately after renal transplantation. Am J Kidney Dis. 2003; 42 (4): E2-E6.

  76. Deegens JK, Artz MA, Hoitsma AJ, Wetzels JF. Outcome of renal transplantation in patients with pauci-immune small vessel vasculitis or anti-GBM disease. Clin Nephrol. 2003; 59 (1): 1-9.

  77. Elmedhem A, Adu D, Savage CO. Relapse rate and outcome of ANCA-associated small vessel vasculitis after transplantation. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2003; 18 (5): 1001-1004.

  78. Besbas N, Karpman D, Landau D, Loirat C, Proesmans W, Remuzzi G et al. A classification of hemolytic uremic syndrome and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and related disorders. Kidney Int. 2006; 70 (3): 423-431.

  79. Zuber J, Le Quintrec M, Sberro-Soussan R, Loirat C, Fremeaux-Bacchi V, Legendre C. New insights into postrenal transplant hemolytic uremic syndrome. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2011; 7 (1): 23-35.

  80. Artz MA, Steenbergen EJ, Hoitsma AJ, Monnens LA, Wetzels JF. Renal transplantation in patients with hemolytic uremic syndrome: high rate of recurrence and increased incidence of acute rejections. Transplantation. 2003; 76 (5): 821-826.

  81. Bresin E, Daina E, Noris M, Castelletti F, Stefanov R, Hill P et al. Outcome of renal transplantation in patients with non-Shiga toxin-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome: prognostic significance of genetic background. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2006; 1 (1): 88-99.

  82. Hadaya K, Ferrari-Lacraz S, Fumeaux D, Boehlen F, Toso C, Moll S et al. Eculizumab in acute recurrence of thrombotic microangiopathy after renal transplantation. Am J Transplant. 2011; 11 (11): 2523-2527.

  83. Zarifian A, Meleg-Smith S, O’Donovan R, Tesi RJ, Batuman V. Cyclosporine-associated thrombotic microangiopathy in renal allografts. Kidney Int. 1999; 55 (6): 2457-2466.

  84. Schwimmer J, Nadasdy TA, Spitalnik PF, Kaplan KL, Zand MS. De novo thrombotic microangiopathy in renal transplant recipients: a comparison of hemolytic uremic syndrome with localized renal thrombotic microangiopathy. Am J Kidney Dis. 2003; 41 (2): 471-479.




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com