Acosta LL, Hechevarría SI, Rodríguez FC

Language: Spanish
References: 16
Page: 105-114
PDF size: 73.12 Kb.

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Artemisia annua L. is medicinal plant of great interest, and therefore it is important to specify exactly the agricultural elements supporting its proper growing.
Objectives: to determine the influence of growing this plant in the sun and in the shade and of harvesting at different hours and plant ages in the production of biomass and active principles.
Methods: flowerbeds were placed in the sun and in dimmed light conditions in order to study the growing conditions. In the research conducted at the time of harvest, plants grown in the sun, of 6 months of age and at various day hours: 9:00 a.m. at 26 ºC; 11:00 a.m. at 30 ºC; 1:00 p.m. at 32 ºC, and 3:00 p.m. at 33 ºC were harvested. In the other experiment, the harvest of the aerial parts of the plants coming from seedbeds created on November 5th and on December 8th and aged 5, 6 and 7 months was evaluated. The production of biomass, the content of artemisinin and additionally that of the essential oil and camphor were assessed. The extraction of the essential oil using hydrodistillation and that of artemisinin and the camphor by gas chromatography, the detection of the these two components was made by thin-layer chromatography and also the pharmacognostic parameters such as water- and alcohol-soluble substances were evaluated.
Results: there were little differences in aerial parts yielding in the two growing methods but there was high content of artemisinin, essential oil and camphor in plants grown in the sun. The better time interval for harvest is the morning, when there are higher values of essential oil; regarding harvesting age the 6 month was the most convenient since there was higher proportion of branches and leaves and less old stems, with little differences among the dates of growing and the highest percentages of essential oil and soluble substances.
Conclusions: the results obtained allow recommending that the plant be grown in the sun at the beginning of the November-December period and be harvested after 9:00 a.m. till 1:00 p.m. and at 6 months of age.

REFERENCES

1. Blanke CH, Naisabha GB, Balema MB, Mbaruku GM, Heide L, Müller MS. Herba Artemisiae annuae tea preparation compared to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine in the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in adults: a randomized doubleblind clinical trial. Trop Doct. 2008;38(2):113-6.

2. Kuhn T, Wang Y. Artemisinin - an innovative cornerstone for anti-malaria therapy. Prog Drug Res. 2008;66(3):385-422.

3. Efferth T. Antiplasmodial and antitumor activity of artemisinin. Rev Planta Medica. 2007;73(2):299-309.

4. Bagchi GD, Haider F, Dwivedi PD, Singh A, Nagvi A. Essential oil constituents of Artemisia annua during different growth periods at monson conditions of subtropical north Indian plain. J Essential Oil Res. 2003;15(2):121-4.

5. Qiu Qin, Zhaojie Cui, Tingli Liu, Shang Tian. Study of chemical constituents of volatile oil from Artemisia annua L. by GC/MS. Chinese Traditional Patent Medicine. 2001;23(4):278-80.

6. Delabays N, Darbelly Ch, Galland N. The variation and heredability of Artemisia annua L. En: Wright CW, editor. Artemisia. London: Taylor and Francis; 2002. p. 197-209.

7. Laughlin JC, Heazlewood GN, Beatlie BB. Cultivation of Artemisia annua L. En; Wright CW, editor. Artemisia. London: Taylor and Francis; 2002. p. 159-96.

8. Tellez MR, Canel C, Rimando AM, Duke SO. Differential accumulations of isoprenoids in glanded and glandless Artemisia annua L. Phytochemistry. 1999;52(6):1035-44.

9. Van Nieuwerburgh FC, Vande Casteele SR, Maes L, Goossens A, Inze D, Van Boexlaer J, et al. Quantitation of artemisinin and its biosynthetic precursors in Artemisia annua L. by high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray quadrupole time of flight tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A. 2006;1118(2):180-7.

10. Acosta L, Rodríguez C, Hechevarría I. Determinación de la fecha de siembra y el método de plantación en Artemisia annua L. introducida en Cuba. Rev Cubana Plant Med. 2010;15(1). Disponible en: http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1028 - 47962010000100006&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=es

11. Vogel H. Efectos ambientales y de manejo sobre la calidad en especies medicinales y aromáticas. En: Seminario Cultivo y Exportación de Plantas Medicinales y Aromáticas. Situación y Perspectivas para Chile. Universidad de Talca, Chile: Ed. Herminie Vogel; 1996. p. 7-20.

12. Lemes M, Rodríguez C, Reyes M, Echevarria I. Efecto de las condiciones de cultivo sobre el rendimiento de follaje y el porcentaje de aceite esencial en hojas de Piper auritum Kunth (caisimón de anís). Rev Cubana Plant Medicinales 1998,3(1):37-41. Disponible en: http://bvs.sld.cu/revistas/pla/vol3_1_98/pla08198.htm

13. Debrunner N, Dvorak V, Malgahaes P, Delabays N. Selection of genotype of Artemisia annua L. for the agricultural production of artemisinin. En: Pank F, editor. Proceeding of International Symposium: Breeding Research in Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. Germany: Quedlinburg; 1996. p. 222-5.

14. Woerdenbag HJ, Pras N, Chan NG, Bang BT, Bos R, Van Uden W, et al. Artemisinin, related sesquiterpenes and essential oil in Artemisia annua during one vegetation period in Vietnam. Rev Planta Medica. 1994;60(3):272-5.

15. The Peoples Republic of China Pharmacopoeia. Vol.1. Beijing: Chemical Industry Press; 2000.

16. Laughlin JC. The influence of distribution of antimalarial constituents in Artemisia annua L. on time and method of harvest. Acta Hort. 1995;390:67-73.