Pino BD, Macías AC, Lahera ST, Marsán SV, Sánchez SMC, del Valle PLO, Socarrás FBB, Martínez MM

Language: Spanish
References: 15
Page: 27-35
PDF size: 114.86 Kb.

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by clonal expansion of myeloblasts; its classification involves several criteria, including the immunological one.
Objective: To characterize the immunophenotype of patients with acute myeloid leukemia who were evaluated at the Institute of Hematology and Immunology.
Methods: A descriptive study of patients diagnosed with this kind of leukemia, whose blood samples were processed at the Department of Immunology during 2008-2012. An immunocytochemical ultramicromethod that uses a panel of monoclonal antibodies specific for myeloid and lymphoid antigens was applied. The variables analyzed were age, sex, subtype of leukemia and expression of immunological markers; their association was analyzed with the Chi-square test and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient.
Results: The study covered 58 patients; 28 were males and 30 females. The predominant age group was 0-9 years with a median of 26 years. M4 subtype was the most common (30,4 %). M4 and M7 subtypes predominated in children, while M0 predominated in adults with statistically significant differences (p≤0,05). The combination of pan-myeloid antigens CD13 and CD33 was present in 91% of patients. Combinations of CD13/CD33, CD14/CD15, CD33/CD14 and CD33/CD15 showed significant correlation. In 20,6 % of patients tested, lymphoid antigens were also detected. In this group, no significant differences by gender and age. CD7 antigen was the most expressed followed by antigens: CD3, CD20, CD22 and CD79, in equal proportion.
Conclusions: Immunophenotyping of leukemia cells appeared as a useful tool to confirm the morphological and clinical diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia.

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