medigraphic.com
Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán

2014, Number 1

<< Back Next >>

Rev Invest Clin 2014; 66 (1)

Drowning risk factors into cistern for children 1 to 4 years old

Báez-Báez GL, Orozco-Valerio M, Méndez-Magaña AC, Dávalos-Guzmán J, Celis A

Language: Spanish
References: 23
Page: 24-30
PDF size: 149.97 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Objective. Analyze risk factors for drowning deaths in tanks, from home, for children between one and four years, residents of the metropolitan area of Guadalajara and the neighboring municipalities in the period 2009-2011. Material and methods. Case-control study, 28 children (cases) between one and four years old, whose cause of death was drowning in the well of your home, from 2009-2011, in the metropolitan zone of Guadalajara and the neighboring municipalities, and 113 children (controls) of the same age, if neighbors whose homes had cistern. Deaths were engineering, to reduce or avoid the risk of death by suffocation in the study group. classified with W73 and W74 codes from International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD 10th). A questionnaire for variables: age and sex of child; age, marital status, occupation and education of the household head and mother; housing conditions; and location, type and segurity cistern lid, and forms the removal of water therefrom. Results. The rate of drowning deaths, age-specific, was 2.7 deaths per 100,000 children between one and four years of age during the study period. The ages of two and three years had the greatest risk of drowning. Sex had a predominance of children, two girls one over. The heads of families and mothers of cases were younger (‹ 29 years), with maximum secondary schooling. Most of the houses had not finished complete. The characteristics of de well, as metal lid,foil or plastic, the lack of assurance of the tank and the location of the cover, crossing sites, showed association with death by drowning. The absence of a pump to draw water in cases the proved statistically more significant with p = 0.002. Conclusion. The results of our study show the presence of drowning deaths in children between one and four years associated with the type of cistern cover, the locking mechanism, a way of extracting the water and the location of the well, and thus the need to implement preventive measures in education and


REFERENCES

  2. Hernández M, García R, Valdés F, Díaz-Pereda G, Ferrer L. Ahogamiento y sumersión accidentales: mortalidad en Cuba, 1987-2002. Instituto Nacional de Higiene. Epidemiología y Microbiología (INHEM) 2005. La Habana, Cuba.

  3. Rahman A, Glashuddin S, Svanstrom L, Rahman F. Drowning a mayor but neglected Child Health Problem in Rural Bangladesh: Implications for low income countries. Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot 2006; 13(2): 101-05.

  4. Torres S, et al. Casi ahogamiento en pediatría: epidemiología y factores pronósticos. Arch Argent Pediatr 2009; 107(3): 234-40.

  5. Moon RE, Long RJ. Drowning and near-drowning. Emerg Med 2002; 14(4): 377-86.

  6. Bennet E, Cummings P, Quan L, Lewis M. Evaluation of a drowning prevention campaign in King County, Washington. Inj Prev 1999; 5: 109-13.

  7. Luneta P, Smith GS, Penttilä A, et al. Unintentional drowning in Finland 1970-2000: a population-based study. Int J Epidemiol 2004; 33(5): 1053-63.

  8. Blum C, Shield J. Toddler drowning in domestic Swimming Pools. Inj Prev 2000; 6: 288-90.

  9. Yang L, Nong Q, Chun-Ling L, Feng Q, Lo S. Risk factors for childhood in rural regions of a developing country: a casecontrol study. Inj Prev 2007; 13: 178-82.

  10. Fang Y, Long Dai, Jang M, Chan X, Saglin A. Child drowning deaths in Xiamen city and suburbs, peoples Republic of China (2001-5). Inj Prev 2007; 13: 339-43.

  11. Ma W, Nie S, Xu H, Song H, Guo Q. An analysis of risk factors of non-fatal drowning among children in rural areas of Guangdong Province, China: a case-control study. Bio Med Central Pub Health 2010; 10: 156-63.

  12. Tan R. The epidemiology and prevention of drowning in Singapore. Singapore Med J 2004; 45(7): 324-9.

  13. Lee L, Mao Cha, Thompson K. Demographic factors and their association with outcomes in pediatric submersion injury. Acad Emerg Med 2006; 13(3): 308-13.

  14. Celis A, Burciaga-Torres M, Castillo S, Robles-Pinto S, Orozco- Valerio M. Tendencia de la mortalidad a consecuencia de asfixia por inmersión en México, 1979-2005. Rev Panam Sal Pub 2008; 24(6): 422-9.

  15. Budnick L, Ross D. Bathtub related drowning in the United States, 1979-81. Am J Public Health 1985; 75(6): 630-3.

  16. Clay N, Weller S, Rauchschwalbe R. Bucket related drowning in the United States, 1984 through 1990. Pediatrics 1992; 89: 1068-71.

  17. Celis A. Home drowning among preschool age Mexican children. Inj Prev 1997; 3: 252-6.

  18. Celis A. Asfixia por inmersión en Jalisco. Sal Pub Mex 1991; 33(6): 585-9.

  19. Organización Mundial de la Salud. Clasificación Estadística Internacional de Enfermedades y Problemas Relacionados con la Salud (CIE 10ª). 1985. Washington, D.C.

  20. Fleiss J. Statistical methods for rates and proportions. Segunda edición. Estados Unidos: Editorial John Wiley and Sons, Inc.; 1981.

  21. Valdés EA, Ferrer N, Ferrer L. Accidentes en los niños: un problema de salud actual. Revisión bibliográfica. Rev Cubana Med Gen Integr 1996; 12(3).

  22. Da Cuña Vicente R. Accidentes en niños asistidos por el servicio de emergencias sanitarias de Castilla y León. Epidemiología y análisis cronobiológico de 10,933 casos. Departamento de Pediatría, Inmunología, Ginecología –Obstetricia, Nutrición- Bromatología, Psiquiatría e Historia de la Ciencia. Valladolid, 2012.

  23. Scott I. Prevention of drowning in home pools lessons from Australia. Inj Contr Saf Promot 2003; 10(4): 227-36.




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com