2014, Number 2
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Rev Invest Clin 2014; 66 (2)
Pathophysiological aspects of K+: Cl– cotransporters
Mercado A, Melo Z
Language: Spanish
References: 54
Page: 173-180
PDF size: 212.70 Kb.
ABSTRACT
The K
+:Cl
- cotransporters or KCCs are membrane proteins
that move K
+ and Cl
- ions across the membrane without
changing the transmembrane potential. KCCs belong to the
SLC12 (Solute Carrier Family 12) family of electroneutral
cation-chloride cotransporters (CCC), and they are secondary
active ion transporters because use the established gradients
from the primary active transporter through the Na
+/K
+-
ATPase. Although there are nine members identify in this
family, up today only seven genes had been characterized.
Among them are two loop diuretics-sensitive Na
+:K
+:2Clcotransporters
(NKCC1/NKCC2), the thiazide-sensitive
Na
+:Cl
- cotransporter (NCC), and finally the K
+:Cl
- cotransporters
(KCC), encoded for at least four homologous genes
(KCC1-KCC4), and from which there are many isoforms due
to alternative splicing. KCC1 is a ubiquitous isoform, KCC3 and
KCC4 isoforms are widely expressed, particularly in epithelial
cells, while KCC2 is restricted to the central nervous system
(CNS). All these cotransporters play an essential role in
many physiological processes such as cell volume regulation,
transepithelial salt transport and regulation of the intraneuronal
chloride concentration. This review has the purpose
to show briefly the molecular characteristics as well as
the physiological importance and roles of the KCCs in several
pathologies.
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