2014, Number 4
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Rev Esp Med Quir 2014; 19 (4)
Brief description of the molecular mechanisms of cellular damage caused by free radicals derived from oxygen and nitrogen
Gutiérrez-Salinas J, Mondragón-Terán P, García-Ortíz L, Hernández-Rodríguez S, Ramírez-García S, Núñez-Ramos NR
Language: Spanish
References: 32
Page: 446-454
PDF size: 464.41 Kb.
ABSTRACT
Free radicals are molecules that contain an unpaired valence electron
at its external orbital; this characteristic confers instability with a high
oxidant or reduction potential; they react with other molecules in order
to gain chemical stability; hence free radicals experience a change in
its composition, structure and/or function. Free radicals are classified according to the type of atom from which they are derived; thus we
can find free radicals derived from oxygen and nitrogen. Both take part
in oxidation-reduction reactions in the cell as part of a physiological
system. An imbalance in the pro-oxidant/antioxidant mechanism results
in oxidative/nitrosative stress triggering cytotoxicity. An example is the
peroxidation of biological membrane lipids giving rise to a final product
known as malondialdehyde (MDA). The toxicity of MDA is due to its
high reactivity with proteins and DNA, forming modified products of
nitrogenous bases such as pyrimidopurinone as it is highly mutagenic
and carcinogenic. Scientific research is necessary in order to generate
knowledge regards the capacity of antioxidants included in the daily
food intake to prevent/revert the presence of oxidative/nitrosative stress.
Such information could be used to develop new effective drugs capable
to block the action of free radicals in a therapeutic approach.
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