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Academia Mexicana de Neurología, A.C.

2015, Number 2

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Rev Mex Neuroci 2015; 16 (2)

Neuroscience of dreaming

Téllez-López A, Sánchez-Jáuregui T

Language: Spanish
References: 54
Page: 27-38
PDF size: 188.23 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Traditionally, neuropsychology has been focused on the identification of brain mechanisms of specific psychological processes, such as attention, motor skills, perception, memory, language, and consciousness, as well as their corresponding disorders. However, there are psychological processes that have received little attention in this field, such as dreaming. This work examined the clinical and experimental neuropsychological research that is more relevant to dreaming, ranging from sleep disorders in patients with brain damage to brain functional activity during REM sleep using different methods of images. These findings were analyzed into the frame of Luria’s Three Unit Model of Brain functioning, and a proposal was made to explain certain of the essential characteristics of dreaming. This explanation describes how during dreaming an activation of the first unit occurs, comprising the reticular formation of the brainstem, activating, in turn, the Second Unit, which is formed by the parietal, occipital, and temporal lobes and Unit L, which is comprised by the limbic system, as well as a simultaneous hypofunctioning of the Third Unit (frontal lobe). This activity produces a perception of hallucinatory images of various sensory modes, as well as a lack of inhibition, a nonself- reflexive thought process, and a lack of planning and direction of such oneiric images. Dreaming is considered a type of natural confabulation, similar to the one that occurs in patients with frontal lobe damage or schizophrenia. It also proposes that the confabulatory, bizarre, and impulsive nature of dreaming has a function in the cognitive-emotional homeostasis that aids proper brain function throughout the day.


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