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ISSN 1561-3194 (Electronic)

2016, Number 3

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Rev Ciencias Médicas 2016; 20 (3)

Immunodeficiencies and Down syndrome

Iglesias RMB, Moreno PLM, del Valle CD, Valdivia FD, Sainz PL

Language: Spanish
References: 25
Page: 389-398
PDF size: 271.58 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Introduction: immunodeficiencies are pathological states characterized by a partial or total defect in one or more components of the immune system. These diseases result from primary or secondary immunodeficiencies. People with Down Syndrome are prone to a high number of infections, most often in the upper airways, being often severe and prolonged, largely attributed to defects of the immune system, among the most frequent: mild to moderate lymphopenia of T and B lymphocytes, impaired T cell proliferation induced by mitogens, reduction in specific responses by antibodies to immunization, defects in neutrophil chemotaxis. Other conditions are due to secondary immunodeficiencies (metabolic or environmental factors).
Objective: to describe the most frequent immunodeficiencies associated with Down syndrome to provide specialists with an important tool for the treatment and monitoring of these patients.
Material and methods: this study was conducted by literature search in medical databases.
Result: The syndrome is a genetic disorder characterized by the presence of an extra chromosome 21 (trisomy 21) associated with: chromosomal abnormalities of parents capable of inducing meiotic nondisjunction, prezygotic maternal exposure to ionizing radiation and advanced maternal age among others. There have been countless articles about SD, but few have addressed the relationship between immunodeficiency and clinical manifestations of the disorder.
Conclusions: knowledge of immunological, not immunological and genetic factors implicated in the pathogenesis of infectious diseases can reduce susceptibility to infection in these people.


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