Morales-Andrade E, Arboleya-Casanova H, Quiroz-Huerta G, Astorga-Castañeda M, Castro-Herrera G

Language: Spanish
References: 10
Page: 144-154
PDF size: 348.12 Kb.

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Observational epidemiological methods are important in measuring vaccine efficacy (VE) since seroepidemiological surveys are not useful for measuring the EV when we face a health contingency (epidemic or outbreak).
Objetive: Strengthen the knowledge of the different epidemiological methods to evaluate vaccine efficacy (VE).
Material and Method: To determine the vaccine efficacy by epidemiological methods it must be considered: a) operational definition of case based on already proven high sensitivity and specificity clinical criteria; b) finding cases, according to the selected sampling method at a house to house level; c) register the vaccination status of the target group, according to the records of the Sistema Nacional de Vacunación, or any official document that has registered the application of the biological, object of analysis; d) ensure the comparability of vaccinated groups versus unvaccinated ones. The epidemiological study must be selected taking into account the time required, available staff, budget or the magnitude of the epidemiological emergency.
Results: The results that will be obtained will be highly reliable if the appropriate statistical tests are chosen.
Conclusions: After analyzing the vaccine efficacy by epidemiological methods, monitoring and observation of the VE by epidemiological methods must be kept, particularly when the incidence of the disease does not diminish even with the increase in vaccination coverage, and when high proportions of already vaccinated patients that suggest a problem with the application of the vaccine or its power, still exist.

REFERENCES

1. Secretaría de Salud. Subsecretaría de Prevención y Promoción de la Salud. Centro Nacional para la salud de la Infancia y Adolescencia. Manual de Vacunación 2008-2009. Disponible en: http://www.censia.salud.gob.mx/contenidos/descargas/vacunas/Manual_Vacunacion2008-2009b.pdf

2. Secretaría de Salud. Subsecretaría de Prevención y Promoción de la Salud. Dirección General de Epidemiología. Manual para la Vigilancia Epidemiológica de las Enfermedades Prevenibles por Vacunación 2012. Disponible en: http://www.epidemiologia.salud.gob.mx/doctos/infoepid/vig_epid_manuales/31_2012_Manual%20EPV.pdf

3. Nuevo esquema de Vacunación en México 2008-2009, Centro Nacional para la Salud de la Infancia y la Adolescencia. http://www.censia.salud.gob.mx/contenidos/descargas/vacunas/Manual_Vacunacion2008-2009b.pdf

4. Anders A, Staff N. Fundamentos de Epidemiología, Siglo XXI. 1998:88-131.

5. Hennecken, C.H., Buring, J.E. Epidemioly in medicine, Little Brain. 1987:54-96.

6. Hightower, A.W. Orerstein W.A.; Martin S.M. Recommendations for the use Taylor series, confidence interval for estimates of vaccine efficacy. Bulletin of the WHO, 1988 (66) 1: 99-105. Disponible en: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/46741/1/bulletin_1988_66%281%29_99-105.pdf

7. Morris Julie A, Martin J. G. Calculating confidence interval for relative risk (odds ratios) and standardised ratios and rates. British Medical Journal, 1993 (296) 7: 1313-1316. Disponible en: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2545775/?page=1

8. Orerstein W.A, Bernier RH, Hinman A.R. Assessing vaccine efficacy in the field. Further observations. Epidemiology Review, 1988 (10):212-241 Disponible en: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3066628

9. Schlesselman J.J. Case-Control Studies, Oxford University Press, January 1982:144-175

10. Smith P.G, L.C. Rodrigues. Assessment of the protective efficacy of vaccine again common diseases using Case Control and Cohort studies. International Journal of Epidemiology, 1984;(13)1:87-93 Disponible en: http://www.epidemiology.ch/history/PDF%20bg/Smith,%20Rodrigues%20and%20Fine%201984%20assessment%20of%20the%20protective%20efficacy%20of%20vaccines.pdf