Pituitary apoplexy, which presented as subarachnoid hemorrhage secondary to intracranial aneurysm rupture. A case report and review of the literature

Abelardo Salazar Zúñiga; Gerardo Arroyo Mayorga; María Pérez Reyes; Ricardo Flores Hernández

2002, Number 4

<< Back Next >>

Rev Neurol Neurocir Psiquiat 2002; 35 (4)

Pituitary apoplexy, which presented as subarachnoid hemorrhage secondary to intracranial aneurysm rupture. A case report and review of the literature

Salazar ZA, Arroyo MG, Pérez RM, Flores HR

Full text

How to cite this article

Language: Spanish
References: 26
Page: 209-213
PDF size: 332.68 Kb.

ABSTRACT

We report a clinical case, which was diagnosed as subarachnoid hemorrhage secondary to intracranial aneurysm rupture. Subsequently, we made the right diagnosis of pituitary apoplexy at the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery of the Military Central Hospital. Pituitary apoplexy is a syndrome characterized by sudden onset of headache, visual symptoms, ophthalmoplegia, altered consciousness status, and hormonal dysfunction due to acute hemorrhage or infarction of a pituitary gland or pituitary adenoma. We carried out a bibliographic review of the literature in order to show the principal clinical data, laboratory studies and radiological image that allow us an accurate diagnosis, with the objective to improve the conservative medical management and neurosurgical management of pituitary apoplexy.

REFERENCES

Reid RL, Quigley ME, Yen SSC. Pituitary apoplexy. A review. Arch Neurol 1985; 42(7): 712-9.
Rovit RL, Fein JM. Pituitary apoplexy: A review a reappraisal. J Neurosurg 1972; 37(3): 280-8.
Cardoso ER, Peterson EW. Pituitary apoplexy: A review. Neurosurgery 1984; 14(3): 363-73.
Ahmed M, Rifai A, Al-Jurf M, et al. Classical pituitary apoplexy presentation and follow-up of 13 patients. Hormone Res 1989; 31: 125-32.
Ebersold MJ, Laws ER, Scheithauer BW, et al. Pituitary apoplexy treated by transesphenoidal surgery: a clinicopathological and immunocytochemical study. J Neurosurg 1983; 58: 315-20.
McFadzean RM, Doyle D, Rampling, et al. Pituitary and its effect on vision. Neurosurgery 1991; 29: 669-75.
Wakai S, Fukishima T, Teramoto A, Sano K. Pituitary apoplexy: its incidence and clinical significance. J Neurosurg 1981; 55(2): 187- 93.
Onesti ST, Wisnieski T, Post KD. Clinical versus subclinal pituitary apoplexy: presentation, surgical management, and outcome in 21 patients. Neurosurgery 1990; 25: 980-6.
Burde RM, Savino PJ, Trobe JD. Chiasmal visual Loss. In: Clinical decisions in neuro-ophthalmology. 1992, p.74-88.
Hori A. Suprasellar peri-ininfundibular ectopic adenohypophysis in fetal and adult brains. J Neurosurg 1985; 63(1): 113-15.
O’Connor G, Dinn J, Farrel, et al. Pituitary apoplexy in an ectopic pituitary tumour. Eur J Ophthalmol 1991; 1(1): 33-8.
Hirsch M, Saks M, Leiberman A. Ectopic pituitary adenoma of the sphenoid sinus: report a case and review of the literature. Head and Neck 1990; 12(3): 264-8.
Okuda O, Umezawa H, Miyaoka M. Pituitary apoplexy caused by endocrine stimulation tests: a case report. Surg Neurol 199; 42(1): 19-22.
Holness RO, Ogundimu FA, Langille RA. Pituitary apoplexy following closed trauma. A case report. J Neurosurg 1983; 59(4): 677-9.
Wisberg LA. Pituitary apoplexy. Association of degenerative change in pituitary adenoma with radiotherapy and detection by cerebral computes tomography. Am J Med 1977; 63(1): 109-15.
Yousen DM, Arrigton JA, Zinreich SJ, et al. Pituitary adenomas: posible role of bromocriptine in intratumoral hemorrhage. Radiology 1989; 170(1 pt 1): 239-43.
Alihajje A, Lambert M, Crabbe J. Pituitary apoplexy in an acromegalic patient during bromocriptine theraphy. J Neurosurg 1985; 63: 288-92.
Reichental E, Manor RS, Shalit MN. Pituitary apoplexy during carotid angiography. Acta Neurochit (Wien) 1900; 54: 251-5.
Nourizadeh AR, Pitts FW. Hemorrhage into pituitary adenoma during anticoagulant therapy. JAMA 1965; 193: 623-5.
Post MJ, David NJ, Glaser JS, Safran A. Pituitary apoplexy: Diagnosis by computed tomography. Radiology 1980; 134: 665-70.
Fraioli B, Esposito V, Palma L, Cantore C. Hemorrhagic pituitary adenomas: Clinicopathological features and surgical treatment. Neurosurgery 1990; 27(5): 741-8.
Biouse V, Newman NJ, Oyesiku NM. Precipitating factors in pituitary apoplexy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat 2001; 71(4): 542-5.
Armstrong MR, Douek M, Schellinger D, et al. Regression of pituitary macroadenoma after pituitary apoplexy: CT and MR studies. Case report. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1991; 15: 832-3.
Maccagnan P, et al. Conservative management of pituitary apoplexy: a prospective study. J Clin Endocrin Metab 1995; 80(1): 3-6.
Brisman MH, Katz G, Post KD. Symptoms of pituitary rapidly reversed with bromocriptine. Case report. 2002,http//www.c3.hu/-mavideg/ jns/5.htlm
McGregor EJ, Ayuk J, Gittoes NJL. Outcomes in the management of pituitary apoplexy; a conservative approach may be prudent. Endocrine Abstracts 2002; 3: 205.